Ch2-Management Learning

Question 0

Bureaucratic organizations

Answer 0

Classical approach: focused on attaining the highest degree of efficiency, authority, and responsibility
- promotions were usu. based on personal connections

Question 1

Scientific management

Answer 1

classical approach: “There is one best way to perform any task.”
A science for each job.
Hire workers with the right abilities.

Question 2

Characteristics of an ideal BUREAUCRACY

Answer 2

Clear division of labor
Clear hierarchy of authority
Formal rules and procedures
Impersonality
Careers based on merit

Question 3

Administrative principles

Answer 3

Classical approach to managerial action

• foresight
• organization
• command
• coordination
• control

Question 4

Organizations as communities

Answer 4

Behavioral approach

• believed that people liked to work in groups
• managers and workers work in harmony, employees should own a share of the business
• managerial ethics and social responsibility

Question 5

Hawthorne studies

Answer 5

Behavioral approach

• studied how economic incentives and physical environment affected productivity
• human needs are an impt. factor in increasing productivity

Question 6

Hierarchy of human needs

Answer 6

Behavioral approach

• lowest level needs are necessary for survival
• progression principle- when one need is satisfied, we proceed to the next higher level need
• deficit principle-satisfied needs don’t motivate behavior

Question 7

Hierarchy of human needs

Answer 7

Self-actualization: self-fulfillment
Esteem needs: respect, recognition
Social needs: love and affection
Safety needs: security, shelter
Physiological: biological maintenance; food, water

Question 8

Quantitative analysis

Answer 8

Apply mathematical techniques to solve management problems

• forecasting sales or expenses
• establishing optimal levels of inventory
• reducing labor costs w/o sacrificing customer service

Question 9

Open systems: resource inputs->transformation process->product outputs

Answer 9

Use resources from the external environment to produce goods and services that the external environment consumes as output

Question 10

Contingency thinking

Answer 10

The best way to manage depends on the circumstances

Question 11

Continuous improvement

Answer 11

Reduces waste and defects

• tally defects
• analyze and trace them to the source
• make corrections
• keep a record of what happened

Question 12

Evidence based management

Answer 12

Uses data from extensive research to determine what practices really work well