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Health Education (HEC101V) > CH2: Human Body & Development > Flashcards

CH2: Human Body & Development Flashcards

1
Q

FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM (5)

A
  1. Support body
  2. Maintain posture
  3. Allow for movement
  4. Protect vital organs
  5. Produce blood cells in marrow
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2
Q

TEETH ARE IN DIFFERENT SHAPES & SIZES BECAUSE OF FUNCTIONS (6)

A 
INCISORS
Front teeth – For biting
CANINES
side teeth – for tearing
PREMOLARS & MOLARS
back teeth – for chewing & grinding
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3
Q

SCOLIOSIS (1)

A

Lateral curvature of spine

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4
Q

OSTEOPOROSIS (2)

A
  1. Older -> more fragile -> can more easily fracture & it’s more difficult to heal
  2. Sufficient calcium & regular exercise needed to maintain strong bones & prevent osteoporosis
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5
Q

CALCIUM (2)

A
  1. Strong & healthy bones & teeth

2. In dairy products, dark green vegetables & some fish

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6
Q

DENTAL CARE (5)

A
  1. Brushing teeth
  2. Flossing
  3. Avoiding candies
  4. Eating balanced diet with sufficient vitamin C & D
  5. Drinking water
  6. Using toothpaste with fluoride
  7. Regular dental examinations
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7
Q

3 TYPES OF MUSCLES (3)

A
  1. Skeletal (voluntary muscles)
  2. Smooth (Involuntary muscles)
  3. Cardiac (Heart muscles)
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8
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLES (5)

A
  1. Connected to bones
  2. Hold bones in place
  3. Shape body
  4. Move bones – controlled voluntarily)
    a. 2 opposing muscles used
    i. Flexors – bend
    ii. Extensors - straighten
    b. 1 contracts & other relaxes
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9
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLES (4)

A
  1. Involuntary
  2. Slower but more enduring than skeletal muscles
  3. In walls of many internal organs
    a. Stomach, lungs, intestines & blood vessels
    AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
  4. Automatically regulates contracting and relaxing of smooth muscles -> controls digestion, breathing & blood flow.
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10
Q

CARDIAC/ HEART MUSCLES (3)

A
  1. Shares characteristics of smooth and skeletal muscles
  2. Involuntary & constantly work (like smooth muscles)
  3. Can respond quickly & change pace when needed (like skeletal muscles)
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11
Q

FUNCTIONS OF SKIN (5)

A
  1. Protects body from germs & other things that cause diseases in environment & keeps vital fluids inside
  2. Excretes dissolved mineral slats & little body waste (urea & lactic acid)
  3. Helps regulate & maintain ideal body temperature
    a. To warm body -> Reduces heat loss -> Constricts blood vessels & pores
    b. To cool body -> perspiration
  4. Converts ultraviolet rays from sun into vitamin D
  5. Contains sensory receptors for pressure, touch, pain, heat & cold
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12
Q

INHALATION (1)

A

Diaphragm contracts -> rib cage expands -> enlarges chest cavity -> pulls air into lungs

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13
Q

EXHALATION (1)

A

Diaphragm relaxes -> chest cavity shrinks -> forces air out of lungs

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14
Q

PROTECTION OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (4)

A 
INVOLUNTARY
1.	Sneezing & Coughing
VOLUNTARY
2.	Keeping hygienic to prevent spread of germs
3.	Not smoking
4.	Controlling air pollution
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15
Q

FUNCTIONS OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

A
  1. Consists of heart, blood vessels & blood
  2. Continuously moves blood through every part of body.
  3. Takes blood with oxygen to all cells
  4. Takes waste products to lungs and kidneys to remove it
  5. Also carries regulating hormones, chemicals & network defensive cells (protect body from invading pathogens)
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16
Q

3 TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS (6)

A

ARTERIES
Move blood away from heart
MAIN ARTERY
Aorta

VEINS
Bring back blood to heart
MAIN VEINS
Superior & Inferior Vena Cava

CAPILLARIES
Tiny blood vessels
Connect veins & arteries

POINTS OF EXCHANGE
Nutrients & oxygen given to cells & waste products removed

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17
Q

BLOOD CELLS (5)

A

RED BLOOD CELLS

  1. Contain protein
  2. Contain haemoglobin (carries oxygen from lungs & gives blood red colour
  3. Produced in bone marrow

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

  1. Defend body against foreign pathogens (viruses, bacteria etc)
  2. Produced in bone marrow, lymph nodes & spleen
18
Q

CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH RISK FACTORS (5)

A

UNCONTROLLABLE RISK FACTORS
Heredity, race, gender, age

CONTROLLABLE RISK FACTORS
High-fat diet, inactivity, smoking, high blood pressure & obesity are controllable

19
Q

REDUCE RISK FOR DEVELOPING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (5)

A

Low-fat diet, regular exercise, weight management, no smoking & skills for coping with stress

20
Q

2 HEART DISEASES FOUND MORE IN CHILDREN (2)

A

1 - Congenital – birth disease

2 - Rheumatic – cause rheumatic fever

21
Q

PERISTALSIS (1)

A

involuntary rhythmic muscular contractions -> mixes food with acid & enzymes -> digests proteins -> into chyme (pasty substance).

22
Q

BILE (2)

A

(made in liver & stored in gallbladder) helps breakdown fat

23
Q

ENURESIS (1)

A

Bed wetting

24
Q

CEREBELLUM FUNCTION (1)

A
  1. Coordinates Fine-motor control over muscular movement & balance
25
Q

MID-BRAIN (1)

A
  1. Regulates sleep

2. Controls eye movement & pupil size

26
Q

PONS (2)

A
  1. Controls eye movement

2. Regulates breathing

27
Q

MEDULLA (4)

A

Controls

  1. Breathing
  2. Heart rate
  3. Blood pressure
  4. Swallowing
28
Q

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (2)

A
  1. Nerves that control voluntary actions

2. Responsible for sensation

29
Q

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (2)

A
  1. Nerves that control involuntary actions

2. Consists of Sympathetic & Parasympathetic impulses

30
Q

PERIPHERAL NERVES (2)

A

1 - SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

2 - SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

31
Q

3 SMALL BONES/OSSICLES MAGNIFY VIBRATIONS (3)

A
  1. Hammer
  2. Anvil
  3. Stirrup
32
Q

TASTE BUDS (3)

A

Sweet - Front
Bitter - Back
Sour & Salt - Sides

33
Q

HYPOTHALAMUS (3)

A
  1. Part of brain
  2. Controls Endocrine System
  3. Sends messages via hormones to pituitary gland (under) -> stimulates & regulates other glands to release hormones
34
Q

PINEAL GLAND (2)

A
  1. Part of brain

2. Controls internal clock

35
Q

THYMUS GLAND (1)

A
  1. Helps develops antibodies in children
36
Q

THYROID GLAND (2)

A
  1. Regulate metabolic rate

2. Affects growth

37
Q

PARATHYROID GLAND (1)

A
  1. Controls blood calcium levels with thyroid gland
38
Q

ADRENAL GLANDS (5)

A
  1. On top of kidneys
  2. Helps metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins & fats
  3. Maintains salt & fluid balance
  4. Responsible for secondary sex characteristics
  5. Epinephrine & norepinephrine
  6. Flight & fright
39
Q

PANCREAS (3)

A
  1. Near stomach
  2. Produces insulin
    a. Regulates blood sugar levels
40
Q

DIABETES (1)

A
  1. Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin

Health Education (HEC101V) (15 decks)

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