Ch.2 Energy Systems Flashcards
What are the three sources of ATP?
- ATP Stores
- Anaerobic (non-oxidative) production
- Aerobic (oxidative) production
Define Metabolism
the sum of the processes resulting in the production and breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ADP)
What is the first response to energy use? And what happens after they deplete quickly?
ATP stores and then Creatine Phosphate kicks in
What are the two anaerobic pathways?
- Creatine Phosphate System
- Anaerobic Glycolysis (fast)
What are the two Anaerobic pathways?
- Aerobic glycolysis
- Beta-oxidation
What are the capacity and rates for Anaerobic pathways?
- Creatine Phosphate = single step (rate) and <15 (capacity)
- Anaerobic Glycolysis = 10 steps and 90 sec
What are the capacities and rates for Aerobic pathways?
- Aerobic Glycolysis = 20 steps and up to 20 mins
- Beta-Oxidation = ? and provides energy for hours on end (especially during rest)
What fuel source does each system rely on?
- CP = creatine phosphate
- Anaerobic and Aerobic Glycolysis = glucose
- Beta-Oxidative = fatty acids
What do enzymes do?
What enzymes are required for each system?
Catches and makes sure the reaction happens (orients and helps speed reactions)
- CP = creatine kinase (CK) helps turn over ATP
- Anaerobic Glyco =hexokinase (HK) and phosphofructokinase(PFK)
- Aerobic Glyco = isocitrate dehydrogenase
What are the important things to know about the CP system?
CP stores are first to be used
Nets 1 ATP
possible to exhaust after 20 secs, but usually just acts as support for larger supply
works by taking a phosphate off of creatine and donating to ADP
reaction is catalyzed by creatine kinase
What are the important things to know about the Anaerobic Glyco system?
Nets 2 ATP
needs glucose which is transported into the muscle via GLUT4 transporters
transporters are insulin dependent
Insulin triggers protein to transport glucose
NEED TO REVIEW FAST GLYCO SYSTEM
What is the process of converting glucose into energy?
glucose and insulin –> ATP to ADP through HK –> Glucose -6-phosphate –> ATP to ADP through PFK –> Pyruvate
What are the important things to know about the Aerobic Glyco system?
is alternate route for pyruvate
if oxygen is present –> converted to acetyl-CoA
acetyl ( 2 carbons) –> 8 Step Kreb Cycle
4 carob oxaloacetate becomes 6 carbon citrate
The 7 steps to convert citrate back to oxaloacetate = production of 1 ATP, 3 NADHs, and 1 FADH
What is important to know about the Kreb Cycle and its ATP yield?
1 glucose molecule = 2 ATP (which isn’t enough)
The most important thing is the Kreb Cycle produces electrons
What is important to know about the Electron Transport Chain?
Where can it be found?
within the inner membrane of the mitochondria, cytochromes can be found
Cytochromes pass electrons, hydrogen is pumped until gradient is formed, gradient is used to power ATP synthase to synthesize ATP
repeats 3x for NADH and 2x for FADH
What are the important things to know about Beta Oxidation?
Acetyl-CoA enters Kreb Cycle and sends electrons to ETC
Fatty acid chain is consumed 2 carbons at a time,
Why is protein not typically used as a fuel source?
it is energetically expensive to convert protein into a usable subtrate
What’s the key to getting glucose into muscles?
Insulin is the key to getting glucose into the cell
