Ch2. ECM and Adhesions Flashcards
Connective tissue is made of
cells and ECM
Name two things cell adhesions do
- maintain tissue environment
2. Used as a tool for communication
The ECM is comprised of what 2 things (big picture)?
- Proteins and Polysaccharides
What are more specific components of the ECM (3)
- Proteoglycans
- Fibrous Proteins
- Adhesive Proteins
What is a GAG. GIve 2 examples
repeating disaccharide of acidic sugar and amino sugar
1. Glucosamine 2. Galactosamine
What component of the ECM is comprised of aggregates of GAGs and proteins
Proteoglycans
Why do proteoglycans attract H2O?
Highly negative
What is a proteoglycan monomer
Protein core with all other GAGs (except hyaluronic acid) bound to it - looks like a bottle brush
What is a proteoglycan aggregate
Protein core with hyaluronic acid noncovalently attracted to it
What are fibrous proteins of the ECM made of, what purpose do they serve
long strands of amino acids, serve a structural purpose
Elastin is able to _____ and ______ without tearing
Stretch and relax
What is the name of the syndrome given to those who have a genetic defect in structure or synthesis of fibril collagen ( all types of fibers). How many types are there?
what does it effect?
Ehlers-danlos syndrome
6 types
All joints, some skin
What is the principle adhesive protein in epithelial tissues
laminin (think basal lamina)
what is adhesive protein is a glycoprotein
laminin
Adhesive proteins contain what 3 binding domains
- cell
- proteoglycans
- collagen
What do tight junctions do give an example of where they can be found
- seal epithelial cells together to prevents leaks between
BBB
What do Adherens do
joins actin bundles between cells
anchors cell to another cell
A “hand shake” between cells
What do desmosomes do
anchor filaments between cells
What do gap junctions do what are they important for
allows small water soluble molecules to pass between cells, important for cell to cell communication
What do hemidesmosomes do
anchors filaments to basement membrane (basal lamina)
What happens if there is too little cell adhesion, why
- improper immune system function - the immune system functions by “sticking to stuff”
What happens if there is too much cell adhesion (3)
excessive cell binding
inflammation
potential for clot
ICAM-1 is an example of what
a cell receptor that is common for many rhinoviruses
what is the principal adhesive protein in connective tissue
fibronectin
