Ch.2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Stress-

A

A force that acts on rock to change it’s shape and volume.

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1
Q

Earthquake-

A

The shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock beneath earths surface

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2
Q

Convergent boundary =

A

Stress force. Fault. Movement
Compression. Reverse. Hanging

                                          Wall up
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3
Q

Divergent=

A

Stress force. Fault. Movement

Tension. Normal. Hanging wall⬇️

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4
Q

Transform=

A

Stress force. Fault. Movement

Shearing. Strike slip. No hanging wall

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5
Q

Deformation

A

Change in the volume or shape of earths crust

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6
Q

Focus

A

The point beneath the surface where the earthquake begins

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7
Q

Epicenter-

A

The point directly above the focus on the surface

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8
Q

Seismic waves-

A

The energy wave made by an earthquake through the crust

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9
Q

Primary waves-

A

Fastest compression waves

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10
Q

Secondary waves

A

Next wave you feel, side to side, longitude wave

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11
Q

Surface wave-

A

-slowest wave; the combination of P&S waves, most destructive

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12
Q

Shearing-

A

Stress that pushes a mass of rock on two opposite directions

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13
Q

Tension-

A

Pulls on the crust, stretching rock so it becomes thinner in the middle

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14
Q

Compression-

A

Squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

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15
Q

De formation-

A

Any change in volume or shape of earths crust

16
Q

Where do faults normally occur?

A

Along plate boundaries, where the forces of plate motion compresses or pulls the crust so much it breaks

17
Q

Strike slip fault-

A

When rocks on either side I the fault slip past each other sideways with a little up or down motion

18
Q

Normal fault-

A

A fault at an angle so one block of rock lies above the fault while the other block lies below.

19
Q

Seismograph-

A

Instrument used to record ground movements cause by shock waves

20
Q

3 types of scales used to measure shock waves-

A

Mecalli scale- 12 step scale

Richter scale - based on how min damage is done

Moment magnitude scale- estimates total energy released, each step is 100x stronger

21
Q

Triangulation-

A

You have to Figure the distance from earthquakes and draw circles around seismic station that distance. Use 2 other station doing the same thing. Where the 3 circles meet is where the earthquakes occurred

22
Q

Liquid faction -

A

Seismic waves turn loose, soft soil into non-liquid mud

23
Q

After shocks

A

Occur after main shocks, usually smaller, hours or days later

24
Q

Tsunamis-

A

Large waves produced on ocean by seismic waves, small in the ocean and gore bigger as they reach the shore

25
Q

What did they do to new buildings to reduce earth quake damage-

A

They made them stronger or more flexible

26
Q

What is the 3 types of stress

A

Compression , shearing, tension

27
Q

The further apart the p and S waves are……

A

The farther away they are

28
Q

To take cover from an earthquake…..

A

Stop, drop and take cover

29
Q

What is it called to find the distance to the epicenter with a graph?

A

Interpolation

30
Q

Anticline

A

A fold in a rock that folds upward into an arch

31
Q

Syncline

A

Forms a bowl like a valley

32
Q

Platue

A

A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level