Ch.19 Flashcards
What respiratory volume is the largest among TV, IRV, ERV, &RV?
IRV
You are singing a song at karaoke and reach a part that requires a louder, more intense sound. What must you do to produce a louder sound?
change the force of air passing over vocal cords
Which sinus is illuminated when a flashlight is places just below the eyebrow in a darkened room?
frontal sinus
What is the correct order of pharynx structures, from superior to inferior?
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Laryngitis occurs when the larynx becomes irritated and inflamed from an infection, acid reflux, or strenuous use of the vocal cords. which of the following symptoms would you directly associate with having laryngitis, considering the structures affected?
loss of voice; quiet, raspy voice
Why do premature newborns often develop respiratory distress syndrome?
not enough surfactant in their lungs
What can happen to partial pressure of gases in the blood if the breathing rate did not increase with physical activity?
impact parial pressure of increased CO2
Why can you not hold your breath until you die?
Increased CO2 and Hydrogen concentration stimulate chemoceptors that trigger
What is the condition in which air separates the visceral and parietal pleura in the chest, resulting in a collapsed lung?
pneumothorax
What is the result of hyperventilation?
decreased P CO2 and Increased P H
Max works out about an hour every day using machines at his gym. What changes occur during his moderate physical exercise?
breathing rate increases, PO2 and PCO2 are unchanged
What occurs physiologically when people usually fail a breathalyzer test?
alcohol difuses from blood into alveoli, through respiratory membrane becoming detectable by the machine
A mother and two young children are found passed out in their apartment, where a space heater is on. Emergency medical techs suspect carbon monoxide poisoning. Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?
binds to hemoglobin in the blood and reduces ability of blood to carry O
What was the greatest danger for the respiratory system for those people near the World Trade Center in 2001?
breathing dust and small particles
Why is CO2 added for a gas mix, instead of using pure O2 for breathing?
helps trigger increased rate of breathing and depth
What is the purpose of respiration?
gas exchange
Describe ventilation
moving air in and out of the lungs
Where are the vocal cords located?
larynx
What type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity?
pseudostratified, ciated
What describes the trachea?
20 c shaped cartilage rings
The right lung has ___ lobes; the left lung has __ lobes
3; 2
Following a normal inspiration, the volume of additional air that enters the lungs during forced maximal inspiration is called what?
IRV (inspiratory reserve volume)
What volume of air is moved in (or out) during a single quiet respiratory cycle?
TV (tidal volume)
What areas of the brain control respiration?
pons and medulla oblongata
Which gas has an effect on blood pH?
carbon dioxide
The presence of ___ in the alveoli ensure that partices brought in with inhaled air are removed
macrophages
What protein can transport some of the carbon dioxide in the blood?
hemoglobin
What is globin?
protein
Define atelectasis
collapse of the lung or lobe
How is O transported in the blood?
bount to 98% hemoglobin in RBC and 2% dissolved in plasma
How in CO2 transported in the blood?
7% dissolved, 23% attached to hemoglobin, 70% converted into bicarbonate in RBC
Functions of the mucus lined nasal areas
trap small particles, moisten air
The pharynx functions as a passageway for ___ whereas the larynx functions as a passageway for ___
air and food ; air
What is a pneumothorax?
air in plural cavity that results in partial or complete collapsed lung
A sudden inspiration caused by a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm while the glottis is closed is what?
hiccup
What causes air to move into the lungs during inspiration?
gradient between atmosphere and alveoli
What occurs first, causing expiration?
diaphragm relaxes
According to Boyle’s law, as the volume of a container decreases ______
pressure increases
What type of tissue forms the walls of the alveoli?
simple squamous epithelial
What would cause the amount of O released from oxyhemoglobin to be increased?
PCO2 increased, Increased acidity, Increased body temp, decreased PO2
Why are smokers more susceptible to respiratory infections?
respiratory tract loses cilia
What is the usual cause of bronchial asthma?
an allergy
During an asthma attack, patients find it most difficult to do what aspect of breathing?
exhale
What is usually the underlying cause of adult sleep apnea?
obstruction of upper airways
