Ch. 15

Question 1

Blood vessels called ___ carry blood toward the heart, and ___ carry blood away from the heart

Answer 1

veins ; arteries

Question 2

Why is the cardiovascular system vital to survival?

Answer 2

bring O and nutrients to all cells

Question 3

What is a function of the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 3

sends O poor blood to lungs

Question 4

What is a function of the systemic circuit?

Answer 4

carries O poor blood to the heart

Question 5

During ventricular contraction, what is the status of the atrioventricular valves?

Answer 5

closed

Question 6

Name the tough outermost layer of the sac that surrounds the heart?

Answer 6

fibrous pericardium

Question 7

What forms the skeleton of the heart?

Answer 7

white fibrous connective tissue

Question 8

What layer lines the chambers of the ehart?

Answer 8

endocardium

Question 9

Name the layers of the wall of the heart and surrounding structures from deep to superficial?

Answer 9

endo, myo, epi, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium

Question 10

Blood entering the right atrium comes from what structure?

Answer 10

vena cavae and coronary sinus

Question 11

What is the function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?

Answer 11

increases exretion of NA and water , decreases blood volume

Question 12

What happens in the condition called mitral valve prolapse?

Answer 12

cusps stretch into L atrium during ventricular contraction

Question 13

The pain of angina pectoris results from a blockage in an artery that supplies what structure/area?

Answer 13

heart

Question 14

What chambers of the heart will contain O poor blood?

Answer 14

R atrium, R ventricle

Question 15

Which valve is located between the L atrium and L ventricle?

Answer 15

mitral valve

Question 16

What is the correct sequence of components of the cardiac conduction system?

Answer 16

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, R&L bundle branches, veroingee fibers

Question 17

What is the normal pacemaker of the heart?

Answer 17

SA node

Question 18

What causes the P wave on ECG?

Answer 18

depolarazation of R atrial myocardium

Question 19

What causes the T wave on ECG?

Answer 19

ventricular myocardiumO

Question 20

n an ECG, the PQ interval indicates the time for a cardiac impulse to travel from the ___

Answer 20

SA node through the AV node

Question 21

What term refers to an abnormally slow heart rate?

Answer 21

bradycardia

Question 22

The ventricular walls and the atrial walls each form a functional syncytium. What does this mean?

Answer 22

mass of cells functioning as 1 unit

Question 23

How does potassium affect heart rate?

Answer 23

electrical potential of cell membranes

Question 24

What is released by the endothelium?

Answer 24

nitric oxide

Question 25

What is the effect of nitric oxide in blood vessels?

Answer 25

vasodilation

Question 26

P wave on ECG

Answer 26

atrial depolarization

Question 27

QRS wave complex

Answer 27

ventricular depolarization

Question 28

T wave

Answer 28

ventricular repolarization

Question 29

In capillary beds, the net inward pressure at the venular ends of the capillaries is less than the net outward pressure at the arteriolar ends of the capillaries. What is the result of this difference in pressure?

Answer 29

more fluid leaves capillaries, than returns

Question 30

What blood vessels hold the greatest volume of blood?

Answer 30

arteries

Question 31

Why does fluid leave capillaries at their arteriolar end and enter at the venular end?

Answer 31

higher hydrostatic pressure at arieolar end

Question 32

What does the Frank Starling law of the heart indicate

Answer 32

quantity of blood that enters the heart equals the amount that is pumped out

Question 33

What is increased when sympathetic stimulation to the heart increases?

Answer 33

heart rate and stroke volume

Question 34

What is preload?

Answer 34

amount of stretch of myocardial cells before contracting

Question 35

What is the effect of vasoconstriction?

Answer 35

increased blood pressure

Question 36

Plasma proteins contribute to the ___ pressure of the blood

Answer 36

osmotic

Question 37

When is blood pressure in the large systemic arteries the greatest?

Answer 37

during ventricular systily

Question 38

What helps to return blood to the heart

Answer 38

svc, ivc, skeletal muscle

Question 39

How do you calculate stroke volume (SV)?

Answer 39

end diastolic volume - end systolic volume

Question 40

How does angiotensin ll increase bp?

Answer 40

increased peipheral resistance

Question 41

What structures contain chemoreceptors that monitor blood levels of O and carbon dioxide?

Answer 41

aortic bodiesTh

Question 42

The pulmonary trunk divides into what 2 vessels?

Answer 42

R and L pulmonary arteries

Question 43

changes due to aging of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 43

increased BP, Increased pulse due to tunica interna thicken and openings are smaller

Question 44

Purpose of valves in veins and the heart

Answer 44

return blood to the heart and ensure 1 way blood flow

Question 45

Function of the papillary muscles of the heart?

Answer 45

prevent prolapse of valvesD

Question 46

ruing the cardiac cycle at the time of hightest ventricular pressure, what is the status of the heart valves?

Answer 46

AV closed, semilunar are open

Question 47

What causes the first heart sound? When does this occur?

Answer 47

closure of atrioventricular valves at the beginning of ventricular cystily

Question 48

What occurs in arteries that results in the disease called atherosclerosis?

Answer 48

buildup of plaque in artery

Question 49

The ___ of the medulla oblongata send sympathetic signals to arteriolar smooth muscle, helping maintain peripheral resistance.

Answer 49

vaso motor center

Question 50

Location of O poor blood?

Answer 50

systemic veins and pulmonary arteries

Question 51

What happens that allows the SA nose spontaneously depolarize?

Answer 51

progressive increase in membrane permeability to Ca and NA. decrease in K

Question 52

How is the hepatic portal system different from other circulatory vessels?

Answer 52

blood flows from capillary to veins to a 2nd set of capillaries to veins before coming back to the heart