Ch. 14 Flashcards
What % of blood is made of RBC?
45%
What are the formed elements?
RBC, WBC, platelets
In addition to other factors, ___ has an influence on determining blood volume.
% body fat
What type of formed element is most abundnat?
RBC
What type of blood cell is ciconcave and lacks a nucleus when they are mature?
RBC
Which cell type is an agranulocyte?
monocyte, lymphocyte
What describes platelets
fragments of cells
What is the primary function of lymphocytes?
protect against foreign substances
In the absence of ___, vitami B12 is poorly absorbed.
intrinsic factor
Biliverdin and bilirubin are pigments that result from the breakdown of what?
hemoglobin
Order of the breakdown products of hemoglobin
biliverdin, bilirubin
Iron is a component of what?
hemoglobin
Which of the formed elements releases serotonin?
platelets
Which WBC funtion as a phagocyte?
neutrophils, monocytes
How does heparin prevent the clotting of blood?
stops formation of pT activator and action of thrombin on fibrinogen
Cyanosis occurs when
increased amount of reduced hemoglobin (deoxyhemoglobin)
Underlying cause of sickle cell disease
genetic mutation
What form of anemia is caused by destruction of bone marrow?
aplastic
What type of WBC is important in immunity?
lymphocyte
Diapedesis
Movement of WBC through walls of capillaries
Following an injury, what stimulates the blood vessels in the area to spasm
serotonin released by platelets
The hormone ___ controls RBC production via a ___ feedback mechanism
EPO ; negative
Creatinine is an example of what type of plasma component?
nonprotein nitrogenous substance
Plasma electrolytes include:?
Na, K, chloride, bicarbonate
Difference between serum and plasma?
serum does not include fibrinogen
Thrombus definition
abnormal formed blood clot
Prothrombin time blood test is used to evaluate which clotting mechanism?
extrinsic
Thrombocytopenis is a
deficienfcy of platelets
Whey type of antigens are found on the surface of RBC of a person with type AB blood?
A and B
What determines an individual’s blood type?
presence of antigens or markers on RBC
in what situation might erythroblastosis fetalis occur?
cecond rH + fetus growing in rH - woman
What is true about a person who is Rh -?
plasma lacks Rh antigens
What are universal precaustions?
hand washing, assuming everyone is contagious
Describe leukemis?
cancer of WBC, too many immuture WBC
What is the main function of plasma albumin
maintain osmotic pressure
Least abundant leukocyte in blood sample?
bassophil
What element is part of a hemoglobin molecule?
iron
What are 2 substances that function to dissolve blood clots?
TPA and streptokinase
Cyanosis is caused by an increased blood concentration of?
EPO
Platelets are cell fragments that are released by what type of cell?
megakaryocytes
If blood is too viscous, what happens to blood flow?
decreased rate, Sluggish
Normal pH of blood?
7/3 - 7.5
What is normal hematocrit?
45%T
ypically, calues such as hematocrit, RBC count and hemoglobin concentration are higher in ____?
men than womenWhat is hemat
What is hematocrit?
% RBC in blood
What is normal white blood count?
4500 per Ml
What is the correct sequence for differentiation of RBC?
hemocytoblast, myleoid stem cell, erythroblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte
What is hemolytic anemia?
decreased RBC due to destruction
What is pernicious anemia?
inadequate levels of VB12
Why might elite athletes abuse EPO?
helps w/ endurance, hard to detect, need more O for cellular respiration
What is pulmonary embolism?
blood clot dislodges and reaches the lung
What blood type can successfully be given to a person with type AB blood?
all
Compare polycythemia with leukocytosis
polycythemia increased RBC and leukocytosis is increased WBC
