Ch17 Speciation

Question 1

Groups of organisms that mate with each other

Answer 1

Species

Question 2

Theorem by Carolus Linnaeus states that organisms that look alike are the same species and those who don’t are not.

Answer 2

Morphological Species Concept

Question 3

A state in which two groups of organisms may no longer share genes

Answer 3

Reproductive Isolation

Question 4

“Species are groups of ACTUALLY OR POTENTIALLY(Key phrase here!!!) interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups.” - Ernst Mayr

Answer 4

Biological Species Concept

Question 5

Species branch off and create two or more daughter species, which thereafter, evolve as distinct lineages

Answer 5

Lineage Species Concept

Question 6

Speciation that results when a population is divided by a physical barrier

Answer 6

Allopathic Speciation

Question 7

Speciation without physical limitation

Answer 7

Sympathetic Speciation

Question 8

The most common means of sympathize speciation, or the duplication of sets of chromosomes within individuals.

Answer 8

Polyploidy

Question 9

Mechanisms that prevent hybridization from occurring

Answer 9

Prezygotic isolating mechanisms

Question 10

Mechanisms that reduce the fitness of hybrid offspring

Answer 10

Postzygotic Isolation Mechanisms

Question 11

Prezygotic isolating mechanisms can prevent hybridization in several ways.. They are:

Answer 11

Mechanical isolation, Temporal Isolation, Behavioral Isolation, Habitat Isolationation, Gametic Isolation

Question 12

These may form is reproductive isolation is incomplete

Answer 12

Hybrid Zones

Question 13

Differences in the size and shape of reproductive organisms that may prevent the Union of gametes from different species.

Answer 13

Mechanical Isolation

Question 14

Many Organisms have Different mating times or seasons, thus reproductively isolating them

Answer 14

Temporal Isolation

Question 15

Species may reject, or fail to recognize, individuals of other species as potential mating partners

Answer 15

Behavioral Isolation

Question 16

Two closely related species that don’t reproduce with each other, because of living habitat preferences

Answer 16

Habitat isolation

Question 17

The Sperm of one species may not attach to the eggs of another species because the eggs do not release the appropriate attractive chemicals, or the sperm may be unable to penetrate the egg and the gametes are chemically incompatible

Answer 17

Gametic Isolation

Question 18

Prezygotic isolating mechanisms hat result in selection against hybridization

Answer 18

Low hybrid zygote viability, low hybrid adult vitality, Hybrid infertility

Question 19

Hybrid Zygotes may fail to mature normally, either dying during development or developing phenotypic abnormalities hat prevent them from becoming reproductively capable adults

Answer 19

Low Hybrid Zygote Viability

Question 20

Hybrid offspring may have lower survivorship than non-hybrid offspring

Answer 20

Low Hybrid Adult Viability

Question 21

Hybrids may mature into infertile adults. For example, the offspring of makings between horses and donkeys—mules—are sterile; although they are otherwise Beale, they produce no descendants.

Answer 21

Hybrid Infertility

Question 22

The divergence of biological lineages and the emergence of reproductive isolation between lineages.

Answer 22

Speciation