Ch09 DNA and Its Role in Heredity

Question 1

Any agent (e.g., a chemical, radiation) that increases the mutation rate

Answer 1

mutagen

Question 2

enzyme that catalyzes the formation of DNA strands from a DNA template

Answer 2

DNA polymerase

Question 3

permanent genetic change in a somatic cell affecting the individual only and not passed on to offspring

Answer 3

somatic mutation

Question 4

newly formed DNA making up the lagging strand in DNA replication

Answer 4

Okazaki fragments

Question 5

DNA sequence at which helicase unwinds the DNA double helix and DNA polymerase binds to initiate DNA replication

Answer 5

origin of replication (ori)

Question 6

strand of nucleic acid (usually RNA) that is the necessary starting material for the synthesis of a new DNA strand, which is synthesized from the 3’ end

Answer 6

primer

Question 7

mutation in a cell that produces gametes

Answer 7

germ line mutation

Question 8

enzyme that unites broken DNA strands during replication and recombination

Answer 8

DNA ligase

Question 9

any of a group of viruses that infect bacteria

Answer 9

bacteriophage

Question 10

a molecule or surface on which another molecule is synthesized in complementary fashion

Answer 10

template

Question 11

a pair of nucleotides formed by the complementary pairing of a purine on one strand and a pyrimidine on the other

Answer 11

base pair

Question 12

insertion of recombinant DNA into a host cell

Answer 12

transformation

Question 13

each of 2 partner strands in a double helix acts as a template for a new partner strand

Answer 13

semiconservative replication

Question 14

shape of DNA

Answer 14

helical

double helix

Question 15

point at which a DNA molecule is replicating; forms by the unwinding of the parent molecule

Answer 15

replication fork

Question 16

the daughter strand that is synthesized in discontinuous stretches in DNA replication

Answer 16

lagging strand

Question 17

an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a primer for DNA replication

Answer 17

primase

Question 18

pertaining to molecular orientation in which a molecule or parts of a molecule having opposing directions

Answer 18

antiparallel

Question 19

in DNA replication, the daughter strand that is synthesized continuously

Answer 19

leading strand

Question 20

parts of a DNA nucleotide

Answer 20

sugar (deoxyribose)
nitrogenous base
phosphate