Ch.17 Gastrointestinal and Urologic Emergencies Flashcards
Referred Pain
Other painful sensations that occur because an irritated visceral peritoneum may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body such as back and shoulder
Ulcers
The protective layer of the stomach or duodenum becomes eroded allowing acid to eat into the organ itself over a long period.
It occurs mostly from infection Helicobater
Pylori. Also can be caused from long term use of anti inflammatory drugs. Smoking and Alcohol can increase gastric acidity and affect the severity of an ulcer
Pt. with ulcers complain of. Gnawing or burning pain and will diminish two to three hour after eating.
Kidney Stones
They originate in the renal pelvis and result when an excess of insoluble salts or Uric acid crystallizes in the urine. The excess salt is typically due to water intake that is insufficient to dissolve the salts
Acute Renal Failure -ARF
Is a sudden decrease in kidney filtration. It is accompanied by an increase of toxins in the blood.
ARF pt. may experience generalized edema, acid build up and high levels of waste in the body. If left untreated it can lead to heart failure, hypertension, and metabolic acidosis.
Oliguria
Urine output drops less than 500 mL/d
Anuria
Urine production stops completely
Chronic Renal Failure
Progressive and irreversible inadequate kidney function. It develops over months or years
Appendicitis localization of pain
Around the navel (referred); right lower quadrant
Gallstones
The gallbladder is a storage pouch for digestive juices and waste from the liver. Gallstones can form and block the outlet from the gallbladder, causing pain. It can lead to severe inflammation called cholecystitis.
Pancreatitis
Caused by obstructing gallstone, alcohol abuse, and other diseases. Severe pain may present in the upper left and right quadrants and may often radiate to the back. Complications like sepsis or
