CH14 - Altruism and cooperation Flashcards
What is altruism?
Prosocial behavior that benefits others without regard to consequences for oneself.
Which concept has the following definition?
a benefit, such as praise, positive attention, something tangible, or gratitude, that may be gained from helping others and thus serves as a motive for altruistic behavior
Social reward
When you are trying to outdo someone else in altruistic behaviour, you are exposing …
Competitive altruism
What is the definition of personal distress?
Motive for helping others in distress that may arise from a need to reduce one’s own distress
What is the purest form of altruism?
Feeling of concern for another person after observing and being moved by that person’s needs
What is volunteerism?
assistance a person regularly provides to another person or group with no expectation of compensation. it increases longevity
What are 2 situational determinants of altruism?
→Bystander intervention: assistance given by a witness to someone in need
→ Diffusion of responsibility: Reduction of sense of urgency to help someone in an emergency or dangerous situation, based on the assumption that others who are present will help
What is the result of bystander intervention and diffusion of responsibility on the construal of a situation?
Pluralistic ignorance
How can you reduce pluralistic ignorance?
By seeing other’s reactions to the same situation
What are two possible reasons people behave in altruistic ways?
→ Kins selection hypothesis: evolutionary strategy that favors the reproductive success of one’s genetic relatives, even at a cost to one’s own survival and reproduction
= people will help others to preserve the genes of close kin
→ Reciprocal altruism: ppl help others/grant favors in the belief that such behavior will be reciprocated in the future
Which concept has the following definition?
the collective beliefs, evaluations, and impressions people hold about an individual within a social network
Reputation
Explain the Prisoner’s dilemma
Used to study cooperation
Tempts participants to max own outcome at expense of other by defecting
Backfires if other person also defects
Optimal outcome: settle for smt less than max by cooperation
What are 5 reasons why tit-for-tat is a compelling strategy in the prisoner’s dilemma?
- cooperative, encourages mutually supportive action toward shared goal
- not envious, still do well w/o extremely competitive strategy
- not exploitable - if u defect, it will defect on u
- forgiving - willing to coop after 1st coop action, even after a lot of defection
- easy to read - easy to rococo tit-for-tat strategy
