CH12 - Groups Flashcards
What is the definition of a group?
a collection of individuals who have relations to one another that make them interdependent to some significant degree
What is it called when the presence of others has a pos/neg effect on performance?
Social facilitation
What is the mere presence theory?
Presence makes us more aroused
Arousal makes u more rigid + narrowly focused – more inclined to do what we’d naturally do
What is evaluation apprehension?
people’s concern abt how they might appear in the eyes of others or be evaluated by them. It is often argued to be stronger than social facilitation.
What is social loafing?
The tendency to exert less effort on a group task when individual contributions aren’t monitored
Why is there groupthink?
Compromised decision making of group
Shallow examination of info
Narrow consideration of alternatives
Invulnerability / moral superiority
Which concept has the following definition?
faulty thinking by members of cohesive groups in which critical decision-making scrutiny = undermined by social pressures to reach consensus => faulty decision making
Groupthink
What happens in groupthink?
Self-censorship: tendency to refrain from expressing reservations in the face of apparent group consensus
How do you avoid groupthinking?
Leaders avoid making their opinion known in the beginning
Avoid tunnel vision, constantly listen to new inputs
1 person has to play devil’s advocate = find every weakness in every arg
(ex: Cuban Missile Crisis)
What is group polarization?
Tendency for group decisions to be more extreme than those made by individuals- whatever way the group as a whole is learning, group discussion tend to make it lean further in that direction
What is the difference between power, status, dominance and authority?
Power: ability to control one’s own outcomes and those of others – the freedom to act
🡪Status: outcome of an evaluation of attributes that produces differences in respect and prominence
🡪Authority: power that derives from institutionalized role or arrangements
🡪Dominance: behavior enacted with the goal of acquiring or demonstrating power
What is the approach/inhibition theory?
People in elevated positions of power look at their environment in terms of how they can satisfy personal desires and act in disinhibited ways
Which factors lead to deindividuation?
Anonymity and diffusion of responsibility in large groups, because you become less preoccupied with normal societal constraints and the consequences of your actions.
Which concept has the following definition?
behaviors that emerge only when ppl are in groups aka they wouldn’t do alone
Emergent properties of groups
What does self awareness lead to
Increased focus on self leads to individuation, which is marked by careful deliberation and concern with how well actions conform to moral standards
