Ch.13 Social Psychology Flashcards
Attribution
Judgment about the cause of a person’s behaviour
Dispositional attribution
Judgment assigning the cause of a person’a behaviour to personal qualities or characteristics
Situational attribution
Judgment assigning the cause of a persons behaviour to the environment
Actor observer bias
Emphasizing dispositional attributions to explain the behaviour of others while emphasizing situational attribution ago explain or own behaviour
Self serving bias
Attributing success to dispositional factors while attributing failure to situational factors
Just world belief
Assumption that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people
Attitude
Positive or negative evaluation that predisposes behaviour towards an object, person, or situation
Cognitive dissonance
Uncomfortable state occurring when behaviour and attitudes misalign and can be resolved through attitude change
Cognitive consistency
Preference for holding congruent attitudes and beliefs
Persuasion
Change in attitude in response to information provided by another person
Prejudice
Prejudgment, usually negative, of another person on the basis of membership in a group
Stereotype
Simplified set of traits associated with membership in a group or category
Discrimination
Unfair behaviour based on stereotyping and prejudice
Social Norm
Usually unwritten or unspoken rule for behaviour in group settings
Conformity
Matching behaviour and appearance to perceived social norms
Compliance
Agreement with a request from a person with no perceived authority
Door in the face
Persuasive technique; compliance with a target request is preceded by a large, unreasonable request
Foot in the door
Persuasive technique; compliance with a small request precedes a larger request that would otherwise be rejected
Low balling
Making further requests of a person who has already committed to a course of action
Obedience
Compliance with a request from an authority figure
Mere exposure effect
Situation where repeated contact increases liking
Bystander intervention
Study of situational variables related to helping a stranger
Aggression
Conscious intent to harm another
Social loathing
Reduced motivation and effort shown by individuals working in a group
Deindividualism
Immersion of an individual within a group leading to anonymity
Group polarization
Intensifying an attitude following discussion
Social facilitation
The situation in which the presence of other people changes performance
Groupthink
Type of flawed decision making in which a group does not question its decisions critically
