Ch. 9 Memory Flashcards
Episodic memory
Includes personal experiences
Encoding
Transformation of information drone one form to another
Decay
Reduction in ability to retrieve rarely used information over time
Semantic memory
Includes general knowledge
Memory
Ability to retain knowledge
Procedural memory
Includes non declarative or implicit experiences for how to carry out skilled movement
Autobiographical memory
Includes semantic or episodic experiences that reference the self
Priming
Change in response to a stimulus as a result of exposure to a previous stimulus
Storage
Retention of information
Retrieval
Recovery of stored information
Information processing
Continuum including attention, sensation, perception, learning, memory, and cognition
Sensory Memory
Stage of the Atkinson Shiffrin model that briefly hold large amounts of incoming data
Short term memory
Stage of the Atkinson Shiffrin model and hold a small amount of information for a limited time
Rehearsal
Repetition of information
Chunking
Process of grouping similar or meaningful information together
Long term memory
Stage of the Atkinson Shiffrin model, and is the location of permanent data storage
Working memory
Extension of the concept of short term memory that actively manipulated multiple types of information simultaneously
Declarative Memory
Conscious retrieval of information that is easy to verbalize
Nondeclarative memory
Unconscious and effortless retrieval of information that is difficult to verbalize
Levels of processing theory
Continuum of elaborating rehearsal applied to information that predicts how easy it is to retrieve it
Spreadingactivation model
Connectionist theory proposing that people organize general knowledge based on their individual experiences
Schema
Set of expectations about objects and situations
Cue
Stimulus that aids retrieval
Reconstruction
Rebuilding a memory out of stored elements
Forgetting
Decrease in the ability to remember a previously formed memory
Flashbulb memory
An especially vivid and detailed memory of an emotional event
Encoding specificity
The process in which memories Incorporate unique combinations of information when categorized
Interference
Competition between newer and older information in memory
Motivated forgetting
Failure to retrieve negative memories
Long term potentiation LTP
Enhancement of communication between two neurons resulting from their synchronous activation
Mnemonic
Memory aid that kinks new information to well known information.
