CH.12

Question 1

Sea stacks

Answer 1

A geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast, isolated by erosion.

Question 2

Sea cliffs

Answer 2

Caused by low tide wave action

Question 3

Sea caves

Answer 3

A type of cave formed primarily by the wave action of the sea

Question 4

Sea arches

Answer 4

A natural geological formation where a rock arch forms, with an opening underneath.

Question 5

Blowholes

Answer 5

Formed as sea caves grow land wards and upwards into vertical shafts and expose themselves towards the surface, which can result in blasts of water from the top

Question 6

Sand spits

Answer 6

Sand deposition downstream of a headland

Question 7

Tombolos

Answer 7

Sand creating bridge to off-shore feature

Question 8

Groins

Answer 8

Manmade structures designed to limit longshore drift.

Question 9

Berms

Answer 9

Sediment accumulation by wave action

Question 10

Beach scarps

Answer 10

Wall from furthest berm caused by highest tide

Question 11

Rip currents

Answer 11

When waves enter faster than they can leave. A narrow channel of outflowing water forms

Question 12

Long shore drift

Answer 12

The transportation of sediments along a coast at an angle to the shoreline which is dependent on prevailing wind direction , Shawshank and backwash.

Question 13

Atolls (bora bora is a good example of an island forming into one)

Answer 13

A coral island that encircles a lagoon partially or completely

Question 14

Barrier islands (Miami Beach)

Answer 14

2sand deposition apart from mainland

Question 15

Fringing reefs

Answer 15

Corals that cling to land

Question 16

Barrier reefs

Answer 16

As land subsides or erodes away, lagoon separates reef and land

Question 17

Deltas

Answer 17

Sediment deposits at river mouth. Can only form if sediment deposit is greater than removal.

Question 18

How are coasts classified?

Answer 18

By processes shaping them

Question 19

What is the most influential agent in changing the shoreline?

Answer 19

Coasts

Question 20

what is the difference between a high energy and low energy coast?

Answer 20

High energy coast: larger waves caused by continuous storms.

Low energy coast: sediments accumulate on shore.

Question 21

How does refraction play a role in shaping coasts?

Answer 21

Erodes protruding regions first

Question 22

Where do most of the minerals in the sands of most continental beaches come from?

Answer 22

Shelf exposed

Question 23

What problems face many of the beaches in the United States and what is being done about it?

Answer 23

2

Question 24

What is an estuary and describe the biological activity in them? (High or low)

Answer 24

2

Question 25

Drowned river mouth

Answer 25

2

Question 26

Fjord

Answer 26

Valley caught by glaciers. They are depressions filled in with water created by retreating glaciers

Question 27

Bar-built

Answer 27

4

Question 28

Tectonic

Answer 28

6

Question 29

What are moraines?

Answer 29

Any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris(solid and rock) which can occur in currently glaciated and formerly glaciated regions, such as those areas acted upon by a past glacial maximum

Question 30

What does Martha’s Vineyard have to do with glaciers?

Answer 30

Location of the furthest advance of the last glaciers.