Ch.12 Flashcards
Model building codes define a high rise building as being more than ___ feet in height ?
75 feet
The fire protection definition of a high rise building is more practical , any building with occupied stories beyond the ________ reach of fire equipment located at the street level?
Effective
A high rise building may be defined as exceeding __ or __ feet in height at the roof?
80-100 feet
Other jurisdictions may define a high rise building as exceeding ___ feet or __ stories in height because of limitations in fire fighting resources?
50 feet or 5 stories
Two developments that made high rise buildings possible and practical at the end of the 19th century?
Elevators and the use of steel frame construction
Buildings exceeding ___ stories have become commonplace ?
60 stories
The earliest high rise buildings were rarely more than __ or __ stories ?
10 to 12 stories
The first model building codes introduced in the _____ and _____ required stairs and elevators to be enclosed ?
1920s and 1930s
Typically model building codes require __or __ hour fire resistance for the structural Frame of a high rise building ?
2 or 3 hours
A valve installed at standpipe connection that is designed to reduce the amount of water pressure at that discharge to a specific pressure, usually 100psi?
Pressure reducing valve
In buildings up to __ or __ stories , it might be possible to advance hose lines manually up stairwells?
9 or 10 stories
Sprinkler and standpipe systems are typically supplied from the same _____________ ?
Vertical riser
Building codes have routinely required that high rise buildings be equipped with automatic sprinkler systems as well as standpipe systems since the mid ______?
1970s
All model building codes require smoke proof exit enclosure in stairs serving floors ___ feet or higher?
75 feet
Many high rise buildings , especially office buildings and hotels are designed with a __________ floor plan?
Central core
A circuit breaker used as a safety device in an elevator system, when electrical current surges the device disconnects the power source?
Shunt trip
The elevator code requires a shunt trip where the elevator hoistwsy or elevator room is protected by _____________?
Automatic sprinklers
Only consider using an elevator if the fire is above the ____ floor?
5th floor
Emergency operations mode for elevators , recalls the car to the terminal floor lobby or another floor as specified and opens the doors?
Phase 1 operation
Codes contain mandatory provisions for the recall phase 1 operation of all passenger elevators with vertical travel greater than ____ feet in the event of a fire ?
25 feet
Phase 1 operation is designed to ________ the deaths of civilians who may find themselves in an elevator that is called to the fire floor as happened in high rise fires in the 1970s?
Prevent
The requirement for recall does not apply to ______ elevators?
Freight
Emergency operating mode for elevators , allows emergency use of the elevator with certain safeguards and special functions?
Phase II operation
The _____________ which prevents the doors from closing if there is a person or smoke in the doorway , is disabled during phase II operations?
Electric eye safety
Limited access buildings constrict firefighter ability to quickly and efficiently ventilate the building , as a result building codes generally require that these buildings be fully ________ ?
Sprinklered
Underground buildings may have occupancy areas ___ feet or more lower than their primary exit?
30 feet
Probably the greatest single challenge in controlling fires in underground buildings comes from the difficulty in venting _______and ______?
heat and smoke
Smoke proof enclosures are now required for buildings with levels more than ___ feet below the level of exit discharge?
30 feet
In underground buildings the maximum available fire resistance protection is typically ___ hours , therefor fires exceeding that are a serious threat?
4 hours
Underground buildings may be grouped with __________ buildings when it comes to building codes?
Windowless buildings
Where buildings have floor levels more than___ feet  below the level of exit discharge, separation of each level into two approximately equal size compartments may be required?
60 feet
A _______ structure has an exterior skin of thin, waterproof fabric , often vinyl coated polyester material ?
Membrane structure
What are the 2 types of membrane structures?
Air supported
Air inflated
The amount of ___________ required to maintain these types of structures is a small fraction above the ambient atmosphere pressure?
Air pressure
______________ feature a covered space with a fully open floor plan , maybe used for seasonal pop up shops or as temporary structures for weather protection while constructing a building inside?
Air inflated structures
Membrane structure that is fully or partially held up by interior air pressure , may be maintained in place over a long duration?
Air supported structure
Freestanding structure that uses suspension cables for support?
Cable membrane structure
Structure supported primarily by a frame or skeleton rather than by load bearing walls?
Frame membrane structure
_________________ are supported by external cables fastened to masts , the structural supports of this type of construction resemble the organization found in a suspension bridge?
Cable membrane structure
_______________ feature a rigid frame with a tensioned membrane covering , usually with internal columns?
Frame membrane structure
Many states use ______ to store road salt near highways ?
Frame structures
Building codes require that mall walkways be a minimum of ___ feet wide ?
20 feet
Malls are usually designed with one or more large , well known perimeter stores that are known as _________?
Anchor stores
Codes require individual stores within a shopping mall to have __ hour fire resistive separations from each other ?
1 hour
Smoke control systems may be required in covered mall buildings with ___ or more stories?
3
Open area in the center of a building , extending through two or more stories , similar to a courtyard but usually covered by a sky light to allow natural light and ventilation to interior rooms?
Atrium
The building codes have a basic requirement that an atrium be enclosed with __ hour rated construction or a combination of glass and automatic sprinklers?
1 hour
Current codes calibrate the exhaust capacity to maintain the smoke layer at a specified height above the _____ walking level serving the exit system?
Highest
Some codes now waive the requirements for sprinklers where ceilings of atriums are more than ____ feet above the floor?
55 feet
An ____________ can be defined as an event that produces a rapid release of energy ?
Explosion
The maximum pressure reached during an explosion may exceed ____ times the atmospheric pressure ?
10 times
Ideally explosion vent panels should not weigh more than ___ pounds per sq foot ?
3 lbs
Several different types of materials are used for explosion vents , such as _________ or __________?
Lightweight corrugated steel or aluminum sheets
A _____ and _____ free environment is essential to protect occupants while they are awaiting rescue?
Smoke and heat
The typical smoke barrier consists of a minimum __ hour rated enclosure?
1 hr
Areas of refuge must be provided with some type of ____________________ connected to a constantly attended location ?
Two way communication system
Warehouses may have multiple rows of racks wider than ___ feet or with aisles narrower than ____ feet?
12 feet
3.5 feet
Storage racks can range from a total height of __ feet to an excess of ___ feet ?
12 feet
100 feet
