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Building Construction > Ch.11 > Flashcards

Ch.11 Flashcards

1
Q

From a firefighting standpoint the roofs of buildings can be classified into three styles ?

A

Flat
Pitched
Curved

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2
Q

Low slope roofs have a slope of up to ____ , meaning for each ____ units of horizontal dimension the roof slopes upward ___ units ?

A

3/12
12 units
3 units

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3
Q

Medium to high slope roofs have slopes of ____ to ____?

A

4/12 to 12/12

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4
Q

Some structures including churches and mansions have roofs with a slope of ____ or greater , too steep to work from a roof ladder?

A

18/12

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5
Q

__________ , ________ and aesthetic considerations determine the design of pitches roofs?

A

Climate
Function

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6
Q

The simplest pitched roof is the ______ roof that slopes in only one direction?

A

Shed roof

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7
Q

Common roof style that consists of two inclined surfaces that meet at their high side to form a “ridge” ?

A

Gable roofs

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8
Q

Style of roof that slopes in four directions and has a degree of slope similar to the gable roof?

A

Hip roof

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9
Q

Slope in two directions but there will be a break in the slope on each side , space under can be used as an attic or living space?

A

Gambrel roof

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10
Q

Has a break in the slope of the roof on all four sides ?

A

Mansard roof

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11
Q

Roof style that slopes in two directions , basically two shed roofs that meet at their low eaves ?

A

Butterfly roof

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12
Q

Roof Style designed to provide light and ventilation, once commonly used on factory buildings a raised central section of the roof extends several feet above the surrounding roof surface ?

A

Monitor roof

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13
Q

A style also once commonly used on industrial buildings for light and ventilation , ideally the glass vertical sections should face north because the northern light is more constant during the day and the glare of the sun can be avoided?

A

Sawtooth roofs

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14
Q

Modern ventilation and lighting systems have largely eliminated the need for _________ and __________ roofs ?

A

Monitor and sawtooth roofs

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15
Q

________ roofs are most frequently supported by arches and bowstring trusses?

A

Curved roofs

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16
Q

A dome can be thought of as an arch rotated _____ degrees on its top point ?

A

360 degrees

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17
Q

The structural forces of a ____ roof are similar to those of an arch?

A

Dome roof

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18
Q

Arched roof structure composed of a series of intersecting , skewed arches , made up of relatively short , straight members , two members are bolted , riveted or welded to a third piece as its center?

A

Lamella Arch

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19
Q

_________ are most commonly made of wood , and vary in thickness from 2x8 inches to 3x16 inches and in lengths varying from 8 to 14 feet ?

A

Lamellas

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20
Q

The short lamellas are bolted together in a diagonal pattern with a special plate known as a _____________?

A

Lamella washer

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21
Q

A ______________ is created using spherical triangulation?

A

Geodesic dome

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22
Q

A ________ is frequently provided in buildings with pitched roofs to increase the available living space in an attic?

A

Dormer

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23
Q

Horizontal structural members used to support a ceiling or floor ?

A

Joists

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24
Q

Flat roofs may be supported by _________ and steel beams ?

A

Open web Steel joists

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25
Q

The simplest system of flat roof support uses ordinary wood joists supported at either end by __________ walls?

A

Load bearing

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26
Q

Fireproofing can be omitted from roof supports when the roof is located more than ___ feet above the floor in an assembly occupancy?

A

20 feet

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27
Q

A variation of the flat roof is a type known as the _________ roof?

A

Inverted roof

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28
Q

Inverted roofs use __________ that differ from conventional roofs primarily in the location of their main roof beams?

A

Inverted trusses

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29
Q

Truss supported system that is constructed with a deep triangular portion projecting down instead of up and the portions of a standard truss are under compression instead of tension?

A

Inverted truss

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30
Q

Inclined beam that supports a roof , runs parallel to the slope of the roof , and to which the roof decking is attached?

A

Rafter

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31
Q

Horizontal roof framing member in the top third of framing system , braces the roof framing against the uplift of wind?

A

Collar tie

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32
Q

horizontal member in a pitched roof to which the upper ends of rafters attach ?

A

Ridge board

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33
Q

Horizontal roof framing member at the bottom of the roof framing system , helps keep walls from spreading due to the weight of the roof?

A

Rafter tie

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34
Q

Roofing system constructed on site , often uses dimensional lumber and nails /screws but can also use pre engineered components?

A

Conventionally framed roofs

35
Q

From the outside , the inverted roof may look like like any other _______ roof?

36
Q

If the architect desires to leave the underside of the roof exposed without joists , a structural _________ must be used to support the rafters?

A

Ridge beam

37
Q

Wood _______ vary in size from 2x4inches to 2 x 14inches , they can be spaced from 12 to 24inches apart depending on the span of the roof?

38
Q

Truss structure with the chords and diagonal members arranged in parallel planes ?

A

Common truss

39
Q

In lightweight wood trusses the individual members would be wooden 2x4 or 2x6 inches and individual trusses would be spaced ___ to ___ feet apart from center to center ?

A

2 to 4 feet

40
Q

_________ trusses use split ring connections at all joints , except the heel plates located at the ends of the truss ?

A

Bowstring trusses

41
Q

_____ and _____ trusses are the most common types used for pitches roofs?

A

Fink and Pratt

42
Q

Roof covering made of flexible material that may be applied to the roof deck as a continuous sheet, commonly used on shallow pitch roofs?

A

Roll roofing

43
Q

Horizontal member between trusses that support the roof?

44
Q

The deck of a roof is the portion of roof construction to which the roof covering or ___________ material is applied?

A

Roll roofing

45
Q

___________ decking may have a thickness of 1/2 inch on supports , 24 inches on center ?

A

Wood panel

46
Q

Wood planks will have a minimum ___ inch nominal thickness?

47
Q

Corrugated steel used in roof decking ranges from ___ gauge the thinnest to ___ gauge the thickest ?

A

29 gauge
12 gauge

48
Q

Gypsum has the advantage of being __________?

49
Q

When cast in place concrete is used as a roof deck , the roof must be attachable to the deck, this attachment may be accommodated with wood nailing strips imbedded in the concrete at intervals of ___ feet?

50
Q

The __________ is designed to reduce the diffusion of interior moisture into the insulation layer , it is used in climates where significant temperature fluctuations are common?

A

Vapor barrier

51
Q

The _______ insulation reduces heat loss through the roof?

52
Q

The three general categories of roofing membranes used are ?

A

Built up membranes
Single ply membranes
Fluid applied membranes

53
Q

Built up roofing membranes roofing felt usually is supplied in rolls ____ feet wide, the number of layers of roofing felt varies but four layers is common design ?

54
Q

Built up roofs usually last for ____ years if the manufacturers specifications are followed ?

55
Q

____________ membrane roof consist of a single membrane laid in sheets on the roof deck?

A

Single ply

56
Q

Single ply membrane material comes in sheets ___ to ___ feet wide and up to ___ feet long, membranes are thin , typically 0.03 to 0.10 inches thick?

A

10 to 20 feet
200 feet

57
Q

____________ membranes are useful for buildings with curved roof structures such as domes that would be difficult to cover with other materials?

A

Fluid applied

58
Q

Asphalt shingles are available in several sizes but the most common size is ___ x ___ inches ?

A

12 x 36 inches

59
Q

Built up roofs that use gravel as the best course are commonly known as _______________ roofs ?

A

Tar and gravel roofs

60
Q

The __________ permits the free movement of rain water to the roof drains?

A

Drainage layer

61
Q

The _______ protects the roof from the mechanical abrasion?

A

Wear course

62
Q

__________ are thin , tapered slabs of wood that are sawn from pieces of a tree trunk?

A

Wood shingles

63
Q

______ are manually or machine split from the wood and are thicker than shingles?

64
Q

What are the 3 types of wood , shingles and shakes are made from due to their resistance to decay?

A

Redwood
Red cedar
White cedar

65
Q

________ are installed with an overlap so only 1/3 of the surface is actually exposed to the weather?

A

Wood shingles

66
Q

______ ,______ and _______ tiles are non combustible and produce fire resistant roof coverings that have excellent resistance to flying brands?

A

Clay
Slate
Cement

67
Q

Roofing Slate can be produced in sheets as thin as ___ inches although it may be as thick as ____ inches ?

A

1/16th inches
1 1/2 inches

68
Q

Slate is a durable material and can have a life expectancy of ____ years ?

69
Q

Slate is also heavy material , weighing __ to __ pounds per sq foot?

A

8 to 36lbs

70
Q

Aluminum and steel sheets are ________ to increase the strength of the material?

A

Corrugated

71
Q

__________ corrosion occurs when some types of dissimilar metals are in contact?

72
Q

During NFPA 256 (fire tests of roof coverings ) testing , the individual test procedures may be repeated from ___ to ___ times on different samples depending on specific material being tested?

A

2 to 15 times

73
Q

What are the 3 classifications for roof coverings?

A

Class A- severe fire exposure
Class B - moderate fire exposure
Class C - light fire exposure

74
Q

Often the new _______ will have a steeper pitch than the original roof?

75
Q

Term used to describe the incorporation of such environmental principles as energy efficiency and environmentally friendly building materials into design and construction?

A

Green design

76
Q

Green design roofs may include reflective systems known as _________ and intentionally enhanced biodiversity known as ____________?

A

Cool roofs
Brown roofs

77
Q

Energy sources that meet the needs of current consumers without compromising future resources ?

A

Clean energy

78
Q

A single unit of solar energy collector is referred to as a _____?
A series of solar cells arranged are referred to a ________?
A system of solar panels is called an ______?

A

Cell
Panel
Array

79
Q

A green roof , depending on the depth of the soil , the dead load can vary from ___ pounds per sq ft to ___ pounds per sq ft?

A

20 lbs
150lbs

80
Q

Another primary hazard of vegetative roofs is the added ______ if the vegetation is not properly hydrated or if fertilizers are improperly stored ?

81
Q

__________ are small structures erected on the main roof of a building?

A

Penthouses

82
Q

The primary purpose of a __________ is to provide natural lighting to the interior of a building?

83
Q

Building codes restrict the materials used in skylights to ________,________ or _____________?

A

Plastic
Wired glass
Tempered glass

Building Construction (14 decks)

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