Ch.11 Flashcards
From a firefighting standpoint the roofs of buildings can be classified into three styles ?
Flat
Pitched
Curved
Low slope roofs have a slope of up to ____ , meaning for each ____ units of horizontal dimension the roof slopes upward ___ units ?
3/12
12 units
3 units
Medium to high slope roofs have slopes of ____ to ____?
4/12 to 12/12
Some structures including churches and mansions have roofs with a slope of ____ or greater , too steep to work from a roof ladder?
18/12
__________ , ________ and aesthetic considerations determine the design of pitches roofs?
Climate
Function
The simplest pitched roof is the ______ roof that slopes in only one direction?
Shed roof
Common roof style that consists of two inclined surfaces that meet at their high side to form a “ridge” ?
Gable roofs
Style of roof that slopes in four directions and has a degree of slope similar to the gable roof?
Hip roof
Slope in two directions but there will be a break in the slope on each side , space under can be used as an attic or living space?
Gambrel roof
Has a break in the slope of the roof on all four sides ?
Mansard roof
Roof style that slopes in two directions , basically two shed roofs that meet at their low eaves ?
Butterfly roof
Roof Style designed to provide light and ventilation, once commonly used on factory buildings a raised central section of the roof extends several feet above the surrounding roof surface ?
Monitor roof
A style also once commonly used on industrial buildings for light and ventilation , ideally the glass vertical sections should face north because the northern light is more constant during the day and the glare of the sun can be avoided?
Sawtooth roofs
Modern ventilation and lighting systems have largely eliminated the need for _________ and __________ roofs ?
Monitor and sawtooth roofs
________ roofs are most frequently supported by arches and bowstring trusses?
Curved roofs
A dome can be thought of as an arch rotated _____ degrees on its top point ?
360 degrees
The structural forces of a ____ roof are similar to those of an arch?
Dome roof
Arched roof structure composed of a series of intersecting , skewed arches , made up of relatively short , straight members , two members are bolted , riveted or welded to a third piece as its center?
Lamella Arch
_________ are most commonly made of wood , and vary in thickness from 2x8 inches to 3x16 inches and in lengths varying from 8 to 14 feet ?
Lamellas
The short lamellas are bolted together in a diagonal pattern with a special plate known as a _____________?
Lamella washer
A ______________ is created using spherical triangulation?
Geodesic dome
A ________ is frequently provided in buildings with pitched roofs to increase the available living space in an attic?
Dormer
Horizontal structural members used to support a ceiling or floor ?
Joists
Flat roofs may be supported by _________ and steel beams ?
Open web Steel joists
The simplest system of flat roof support uses ordinary wood joists supported at either end by __________ walls?
Load bearing
Fireproofing can be omitted from roof supports when the roof is located more than ___ feet above the floor in an assembly occupancy?
20 feet
A variation of the flat roof is a type known as the _________ roof?
Inverted roof
Inverted roofs use __________ that differ from conventional roofs primarily in the location of their main roof beams?
Inverted trusses
Truss supported system that is constructed with a deep triangular portion projecting down instead of up and the portions of a standard truss are under compression instead of tension?
Inverted truss
Inclined beam that supports a roof , runs parallel to the slope of the roof , and to which the roof decking is attached?
Rafter
Horizontal roof framing member in the top third of framing system , braces the roof framing against the uplift of wind?
Collar tie
horizontal member in a pitched roof to which the upper ends of rafters attach ?
Ridge board
Horizontal roof framing member at the bottom of the roof framing system , helps keep walls from spreading due to the weight of the roof?
Rafter tie