Ch.11, Social Cognitive Theory

Question 1

Bandura’s main focuses

Answer 1

focus on self-processes: thinking processes through which people reflect on themsleves/their capabilities

Question 2

Mischel’s main focuses

Answer 2

believed that assessing personality in terms of traits was inaccurate
Social cognitive Personal Variables: suggested using these instead of traits; explain how people distinguish between situations and vary behavior according to diff situations
Advocated for idiographic methods and advocated for personality science as an integrative field

Question 3

Self-efficacy vs. self esteem

Answer 3

people’s perceptions of their own capabilities for action; impacts goal selection, effort, persistence, emotions, and coping skills
self esteem; people’s overall evaluation of their worth

Question 4

Outcome Expectations

Answer 4

beliefs about rewards/punishment if a behavior is performed

Question 5

Microanalytic Research Strategy

Answer 5

test to assess self-efficacy, qualitative measure
Uses Anchoring: when people estimate the answer to a question

Question 6

Reciprocal Determinism

Answer 6

cause and effect in personality systems
behavior, environment, and personality characteristics all influence one another

Question 7

Cognitive Affective Processing System

Answer 7

cognitive/emotional; The Cognitive-Affective Processing Systems or CAPS theory (Mischel & Shoda, 1995) was proposed to account for the processes that explain why and how people’s behavior varies stably across situations.personality variables are linked
different aspects of situations activated different subsets of a personality system

Question 8

Behavioural Signatures

Answer 8

distinctive profiles of behavior across situations

Question 9

Observational Learning

Answer 9

Bandura said that trial and error learning, as proposed by behaviorists, was not accurate, proposed learning by observation instead

Question 10

Vicarious Conditioning

Answer 10

process of learning emotional reactions by observing others

Question 11

Self-referant thinking

Answer 11

examining the motivationAL IMPACT OF THOUGHTS RELATED TO ONSELF; people have the capacity to guide their actions through thinking processes

Question 12

Which personality structures does self-regulation involve?

Answer 12

All of them

Question 13

Delayed Gratification

Answer 13

has a social and observational learning basis
“Hot” mental system: functions like ID according to social cognitive theory
Cold mental system: functions like the ego

Question 14

Self Distancing

Answer 14

two ways in which people thinking negative experiences: immersed (reliving the event from your own perspective) “hot system”
distanced system: reliving it from a perspective of a stranger (cold system)

Question 15

Procedural vs. declarative knowledge

Answer 15

procedural: execute procedures without always being aware of how you dare doing it NOT EASY TO VERBALIZE
Declarative: can be stated in words

Question 16

Context specificity of psychological structures

Answer 16

some structures may relevant to some situations but not others

Question 17

Expectancies

Answer 17

beliefs that are directed toward the future

Question 18

Evaluative standards:

Answer 18

evaluating what things should be like (moral standards, can be disengaged at will
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