CH.10 EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
What are the components of an emotion?
Neural responses, physiological factors (heart rate, breathing, hormone levels), subjective feelings, emotional expressions, and the desire to take action
What are basic emotions according to the theory of emotional development?
Basic emotions are hard-wired, universal emotions that show distinct patterns of behaviour, bodily activation, facial action, and experience
Describe the Appraisal Theory of emotions
Emotions are internal states triggered by objects or situations; the individual’s appraisal of a situation determines the emotion experienced
What does the Functional Perspective say about the purpose of emotions?
Emotions serve to manage the relationship between the individual and the environment, helping navigate social interactions and environmental challenges
At what age do children begin to experience happiness?
As early as 0-2 weeks, shown by smiles
When do children start to experience fear?
Between 8 to 16 months
At what age do children begin to show anger?
Typically around 1 year old
When do children start to experience sadness?
Can start from 0-11 months and becomes more intense during the preschool years
What is social referencing in emotional development?
Children use a parent’s or adult’s facial expressions or vocal cues to decide how to deal with novel, ambiguous, or potentially threatening situations
At what age do children understand display rules for emotions?
By age 5, children grasp that norms influence how emotions are expressed and understand that expressions can be misleading
How do children fake emotions, and at what age do they start doing this effectively?
By ages 6-8, children can mask or alter their emotional expressions, showing emotions they do not actually feel
List James Gross’s five emotion regulation strategies
Situation selection, situation modification, attentional deployment, cognitive restructuring, response modulation
Describe early emotion regulation strategies in children
Starts with co-regulation, progresses to self-comforting behaviours (repetitive actions providing positive sensations), and self-distraction (looking away from upsetting stimuli)
How do parents indirectly influence their children’s emotional development?
Through modeling emotional expressions and creating a certain emotional climate at home
What are some direct strategies parents use in emotional development?
Supportive strategies include validating, magnifying, rewarding, and problem-solving. Unsupportive strategies include dismissing, neglecting, criticizing, and punishing
