CH. 14 MORAL DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
What is morality based on?
Morality is based on principles of fairness, justice, care for others, and abstaining from harm
What are Piaget’s stages of moral development?
Heteronomous Morality (action based on desires), Transitional Period, and Autonomous Morality (action based on moral duty)
Describe Kohlberg’s levels of moral development
Preconventional (avoidance of punishment and seeking rewards), Conventional (social relationships and conformity), and Postconventional (internalized ethical code)
What does Turiel’s theory of moral development focus on?
Distinguishes between moral, societal, and psychological domains of social knowledge
What are moral emotions?
Emotions that reflect moral principles such as justice, fairness, and care, including both affective and cognitive components
What differentiates empathy from sympathy?
Empathy involves sharing another’s feelings as if they were one’s own, while sympathy is a feeling of concern for another, often considered more morally relevant
Describe the emotions of guilt and shame
Guilt is feeling regret for a specific wrongdoing, linked to behavior. Shame involves feeling regret directed at the self, related to one’s status or reputation
What triggers pride?
Pride is felt in response to one’s own accomplishments, especially after succeeding in difficult tasks
Define schadenfreude
Schadenfreude is the feeling of joy or pleasure when one sees another’s misfortune
What are Hoffman’s three main disciplinary techniques?
Power assertion, love withdrawal, and induction, with induction being the most effective for moral development under certain conditions
How does induction discipline work?
It involves explaining the consequences of a child’s actions on others, fostering empathy and understanding of moral implications
What is prosocial behaviour and how does it develop?
Prosocial behaviours are voluntary actions intended to benefit others, such as helping or sharing. These behaviours are often motivated by empathy and sympathy
What is the relationship between aggression and social exclusion in adolescence?
Social exclusion is a common practice in adolescence that can lead to relationally aggressive behaviours, often prioritizing group norms over moral norms
How are bullies characterized in terms of emotional traits and social status?
Bullies are often more emotionally callous and may have a higher social status, with their behaviours reinforced by peers’ responses
