Ch1 Nutrition and Health Flashcards
New challenges for Nutrition Professionals
- Rise in chronic disease
- Population diversity and chronic disease
- Lifestyle intervention and education
- New Direction in Nutrition
- Genes in Nutrition and Health
- Disseminating Nutrition Information
what chronic diseases is on the rise
- type 2 diabetes
- cardiovascular disease
- preventative cancer
- aging population growth
what population is mainly affecting by type 2 diabetes epidemic
children and young adults
what health disparities are related to the population diversity and chronic disease challenge
- socioeconomic status
- race or ethnic group
- availability of health insurance
- language, isolation and discrimination
what environmental factors affect lifestyle intervention and education
- energy-dense foods
- lower physical activity
- availability of food
- portion sizes
what two branches of science is nutrition based on
- life sciences
- behavioral sciences
define nutrition
to nourish: how food enriches life physically, socially, and personally
Define Nutrition science
the nutrients required for the body maintenance, growth, activity and reproduction
Define Dietetics
a health professional responsible for the practical application of nutrition science through life in health and disease
Define Registered Dietitian/Registered Dietitian Nutritionist
nutrition expert on a health team responsible for the patient’s nutritional care (NO DONUTS)
Define Public Health Nutritionist
focuses on disease prevention while overseeing care of high-risk groups in the community
what are nutrients
a specific chemical compound and element found in food
Name the essential Nutrients
macronutrients
micronutrients
water
what’s metabolism?
sum of all chemical reactions that take place in the body
what are macronutrients
carbohydrates
fats
proteins
what are micronutrients
vitamins
minerals
3 general functions of nutrients
1) provide energy
2) build and repair body tissues and structures
3) regulate all metabolic process to maintain homeostasis and support life
function of carbohydrates
acts and body’s primary source of fuel for heat and energy
what’s glycogen
storage form of carbohydrates and used for quick energy
glucose is thought of as the…
energy currency of the body
what the fuel factor?
1 gram carbohydrates = 4 kcal (kilocalories)
where are the majority of kcals obtained?
complex carbohydrates (starches)
simple carbohydrates (sugars)
where are fats from and what do they provide
from animal and plant sources
stores or is alternate energy and are essential fatty acids
what percent of kcals should fat provide
20% - 35%
primary function of protein
tissue building and to be used for energy if needed
percent of kcals protein provides
10% - 35%
what regulatory substances do proteins form
enzymes
hormones
function of minerals
to help build tissues with specific functions
function of vitamins
complex molecules needed in minute amounts
essential to certain tissues
in metabolic regulation minerals serve as what?
the cofactors in controlling cell metabolism
in metabolic regulation vitamins serve as?
control reaction that produces energy and synthesizes important molecules
why is water important for metabolic rgulation?
a regulatory agent that provides fluid environment for metabolic reactions
2 parts of nutrient interaction
1) individual nutrients work in different metabolic functions with different roles each time
2) no nutrient ever works alone
Nutrition Status euqals?
Nutritional Status = Nutritional Health
what nutritional status v dietary status actually means
where you stand compared to what you actually eat
what’s primary nutrient deficiency?
insufficient dietary intake
what’s secondary nutrient deficiency?
poor absorption or metabolism from some interfering factor
Sum up Undernutrition
meeting day to day needs but has not saved reserves for just in case
sum up Optimal Nutrition
meet day to day nutrient need and has good stores that are on the upper end of normal
sum up overt malnutrition
not meeting day-to-day needs and nutrient stores are hella depleted
who does overt malnutrition mainly affect? how?
toddlers, children and pregnant women
iron levels low enough to effect immune system
cognitive development slowed
decreased birth weight
what’s nutrient density?
relative nutrient content of a food in relation to energy content
what are the nutrition guides for food selection?
nutrition standards
dietary guidelines
food guides
Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)
framework of nutrient standards that provide reference values for healthy people
Recommended Dietary Allowance
intake goal for healthy people
Adequate INtake
when not enough info available to develop a RDA and nutrients giving health benefits
