CH 5: Fats Flashcards
what is the function of phospholipids?
- liquid compound forming part of cell walls
- is a fat emulsifier
what’s the cause for Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency?
increased permeability that causes the breakdown of membranes throughout the body
what to look for with Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency?
skin lesions and scaliness
what patients are at risk for Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency?
- Patients with fat malabsorption
- Patients receiving treatment for protein malnutrition
- elders with peripheral vascular disease
- Patients recovering from serious burns or accidents
what are the components of a lipid?
- triglycerides
-phospholipids - sterols
what is the structure of a lipid?
- a glyercol back bone
- phosphate group
- fatty amino acid group
Explain Saturated Fats?
a single bonded carbon chain considered fully saturated because all hydrogens are attached to all bonding sites
Categories of Unsaturated Fats?
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Explain Monounsaturated Fatty Acids?
a carbon chain with only one unsaturated double bond
Explain a Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids?
a carbon chain with more than one unsaturated double bond
what is the process of hydrogenation?
its an artificial process that forces Hydrogen atoms to break double bonds and attach to the carbon
Good sources of MUFA
olive oil, peanuts (peanut butter and peanut oil), and canola oil
Good sources of PUFA
vegetable oils (corn, safflower, wheat germ, canola, sesame, and sunflower), fish, and margarine
How to classify Linoleic Acid
called omega-6
the last double bond is on the sixth carbon
how to classify Linolenic Acid
called omega-3
the first double bond is on the third carbon
How does omega-3 (linolenic) help in health prevention
reduces risk of heart disease by reducing the blood clotting process
function of phospholipid in the body
is found in every cell and works as a non-essential nutrient in the body
what are lecithin in the body?
the main phospholipid and works as transportation/carriers of lipids, fats, cholesterol
what is emulsification in the body
this is when a substance is soluble in both the water and fat at the same time
why are high fat foods always high caloric food
most concentrated source of energy
1 g = 9kcal
Dietary Reference Intake of total fat and saturated fat
DRI total fat = 40 - 97 g
DRI saturated fat = 20 -25 g
Recommended daily percentage for fat
20% - 35%
what is LDL and role in body?
low density lipoprotein that carries cholesterol throughout the body and contributes to the build of plaque in the arteries
what is HDL and role in the body?
high density lipoprotein that removes excess and used cholesterol found in the body, overall decreasing blood cholesterol levels
