CH 5: Fats

Question 1

what is the function of phospholipids?

Answer 1

• liquid compound forming part of cell walls
• is a fat emulsifier

Question 2

what’s the cause for Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency?

Answer 2

increased permeability that causes the breakdown of membranes throughout the body

Question 3

what to look for with Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency?

Answer 3

skin lesions and scaliness

Question 4

what patients are at risk for Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency?

Answer 4

• Patients with fat malabsorption
• Patients receiving treatment for protein malnutrition
• elders with peripheral vascular disease
• Patients recovering from serious burns or accidents

Question 5

what are the components of a lipid?

Answer 5

• triglycerides
  -phospholipids
• sterols

Question 6

what is the structure of a lipid?

Answer 6

• a glyercol back bone
• phosphate group
• fatty amino acid group

Question 7

Explain Saturated Fats?

Answer 7

a single bonded carbon chain considered fully saturated because all hydrogens are attached to all bonding sites

Question 8

Categories of Unsaturated Fats?

Answer 8

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Question 9

Explain Monounsaturated Fatty Acids?

Answer 9

a carbon chain with only one unsaturated double bond

Question 10

Explain a Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids?

Answer 10

a carbon chain with more than one unsaturated double bond

Question 11

what is the process of hydrogenation?

Answer 11

its an artificial process that forces Hydrogen atoms to break double bonds and attach to the carbon

Question 12

Good sources of MUFA

Answer 12

olive oil, peanuts (peanut butter and peanut oil), and canola oil

Question 13

Good sources of PUFA

Answer 13

vegetable oils (corn, safflower, wheat germ, canola, sesame, and sunflower), fish, and margarine

Question 14

How to classify Linoleic Acid

Answer 14

called omega-6
the last double bond is on the sixth carbon

Question 15

how to classify Linolenic Acid

Answer 15

called omega-3
the first double bond is on the third carbon

Question 16

How does omega-3 (linolenic) help in health prevention

Answer 16

reduces risk of heart disease by reducing the blood clotting process

Question 17

function of phospholipid in the body

Answer 17

is found in every cell and works as a non-essential nutrient in the body

Question 18

what are lecithin in the body?

Answer 18

the main phospholipid and works as transportation/carriers of lipids, fats, cholesterol

Question 19

what is emulsification in the body

Answer 19

this is when a substance is soluble in both the water and fat at the same time

Question 20

why are high fat foods always high caloric food

Answer 20

most concentrated source of energy
1 g = 9kcal

Question 21

Dietary Reference Intake of total fat and saturated fat

Answer 21

DRI total fat = 40 - 97 g
DRI saturated fat = 20 -25 g

Question 22

Recommended daily percentage for fat

Answer 22

20% - 35%

Question 23

what is LDL and role in body?

Answer 23

low density lipoprotein that carries cholesterol throughout the body and contributes to the build of plaque in the arteries

Question 24

what is HDL and role in the body?

Answer 24

high density lipoprotein that removes excess and used cholesterol found in the body, overall decreasing blood cholesterol levels

Question 25

Difference between food cholesterol and blood cholesterol

Answer 25

blood cholesterol not really affected by food cholesterol, only when high fat eaten

Question 26

what makes up total blood cholesterol

Answer 26

LDL + HDL = Total Blood Cholesterol

Question 27

what is Lipoproteins?

Answer 27

compounds containing a mix of triglycerides, fatty acids, phospholipids, cholesterol, steroids and fat-soluble vitamins covered with a protein outer layer

Question 28

function of lipoprotein

Answer 28

transport fats in the circulatory system

Question 29

Risk Classification for high blood cholesterol total cholesterol

Answer 29

higher or equal to 240 mg/dL