CH 12: Food related Issues Flashcards
what do dietary guidelines do
they are designed to attain or maintain optimal nutritional status
whats quantitative dietary modification
mods in numbers of meals served, calories and specific nutrients
whats qualitative dietary modification
mods in texture, consistency and nutrients
what’s regular or general diet
the basis of modified diets in hospitals
what’s diet as tolerated
allows for postoperative diet progression that depends on patient’s tolerance
what mod contributes to hospital malnutrition
clear liquid diets
what is a clear liquid diet and how long should it be used
a diet of foods that are clear and liquid at room/body temp
used no more than 8 to 24 hours
when should full liquid diets be chosen
when patient is having difficulty chewing or swallowing solids
whats a full liquid diet and it’s issues
foods that are liquid at room temperature
problem with lactose intolerance and cholesterol and high saturated fat
when should dysphagia diets be chosen
when patients have difficulty chewing and swallowing
what are the levels of dysphagia diets
lvl 1 = dysphagia pureed
lvl 2 = dysphagia mechanically altered
lvl 3 = dyshpagia advanced
lvl 4 = return to reg diet
what is the soft diet
whole foods low in fiber and lightly seasoned
when to chose soft diet
for short period like for pre and post op patients or to help get back to reg diet
top causes of food poisoning
norovirus
salmonella species
clostridium perfringens
campylobacter species
staphylococcus aureus
what is considered Hospital Associated Infections (HAI)
campylobacter species
staphylococcus aureus
what does integrative medicine include
dietary or food changes
dietary supplements (DSHEA) defintion
products that supplement dietary intake and are considered food and not drugs or additives
purpose of GMO
increase food supply
make foods more shelf-stable
improve quality
drawback of GMO
some people are have allergic reaction
what is enteral nutrition
when nourishment is given directly to the GI tract
when is a nonoral method used
when patients can’t eat for more than a 5 days
why is enteral nutrition not ideal?
it opens up the opportunistic pathogens to affect the area
physiological benefits of enteral feeding
maintains gut integrity and function
what are the special formulas
elemental formulas
modular formulas
specialty formulas
what to check to select a formula
digest and absorb capacities
fluid restrictions
high metabolic requirements
what is the specialty formulas
formulas that meets specialized nutrient demand for specific disease state
what is modular formula
single macronutrients added to other foods/enteral
what is the elemental formula
made of partially or fully hydrolyzed nutrients
whats nasogastric
tube is passed through nose to stomach
whats nasoduodenal
tube passed from nose to duodenum
what’s nasojejunal
tube passed through nose to jejunum
what’s esophagostomy
tube is surgically inserted into neck and extends to stomach
whats gastrostomy
tube surgically inserted into stomach
whats jejunostomy
tube is surgically inserted into small intestine
key points of short feeding duration
acute
nonsurgical placement
key points of long feeding duration
chronic
surgical placement
methods of enteral nutrition administration
continuous
intermittent
bolus
tube feeding mechanical complications
tube displacement
obstruction
pulmonary aspiration
mucosal damage
tube feeding metabolic diffulties
hyperosmolar dehydration
overhydration
when to stop tube feedings and why
1 hour before and after meals to promote appetite
oral intake increase
decrease tube-feeding volume
when do you discontinue tube feeding
when oral intake exceeds 2/3 energy requirements
when is parenteral nutrition needed
short-term nutrition support needed
