Ch 6: Protein Flashcards
what’s a protein
an organic compound formed by a chain of amino acids
what role do proteins play in the body
Growth and maintenance
*Creation of communicators and catalysts
*Immune system response
*Fluid and electrolyte regulation
*Acid–base balance
*Transportation
what are essential amino acids (EAA)
9 amino acids that cannot be made in the body and have to be brought in by the food, digested, absorbed, and then brought to cells by circulating blood
Dispensable (nonessential) amino acids
5 AA that can be made in the body in adequate amounts
Conditional Indispensable Amino Acids
6 AA but the body is unable to make appropriate amount under certain conditions
why is renin critical?
produced only during infancy, its a gastric protease that thickens the milk allowing for more time to have if digested
what’s deanimation?
when the amino acid group from the molecule breaks off leaving one molecule each of ammonia and a ketone group
- ammonia = urea = excreted in urine
- keto = energy or fat/glucose
what’s Anabolism
responsible for production of protein and their functions
- influenced by growth hormone and testosterone
what’s Catabolism
is the breakdown of proteins in the cells to break down to amino acids, and then the amino acids travel in the bloodstream, contributing to an available pool of amino acids
- influenced by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in adrenal cortex
what’s the Nitrogen Balance Studies
amount of nitrogen entering the body in comparison to the amount that’s secreted
(what comes in must come out)
how do proteins affect the immune system
resistance to disease depends on the proteins that are formed within our body
what are complete proteins?
the 9 EAA in sufficient quantities that best support the growth and maintenance of our bodies
what are incomplete proteins?
lack one or more of EAA and they are not able to support life
2 sources of incomplete proteins
grains and legume
2 sources of complete proteins
eggs and fish
