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Mental Health Nursing > Ch1 mental illness and health > Flashcards

Ch1 mental illness and health Flashcards

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0
Q

The immediate response of the general adaptation syndrome (fight or flight)

A

Hypothalamus stimulates the SNS. Results in: release of norepinephrine and epinephrine into the bloodstream/ lipolysis occurs in fat cells/ bladder muscle contracts and the sphincter relaxes there is increased ureter motility/ secretion from the lacrimal glands is increased (tears)/ decrease glycogen synthesis & increase glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (in liver)/ bronchioles dilate and respiratory rate increases/sweat gland secretions increase

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1
Q

What determines mental illness?

A

Incomprehensibility and cultural relativity

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2
Q

The sustained response of the Gen. adaptation syndrome

A

The hypothalamus stimulates the Pituitary gland to release the hormones adrenocorticotropic hormone, vasopressin, growth hormone, thyrotropic, Gonadotropins. What do each do? (Pg 5)

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3
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Physiological needs, safety and security, love and belonging, self-esteem and esteem of others, self actualization

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4
Q

True or false: Family will try to “normalize” behavior and try to find an explanation

A

True

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5
Q

True or false: individuals of higher economic class usually display the highest amount of mental illness symptoms

A

False. Individuals of the lowest social economic class usually display the highest amount

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6
Q

True or false: the higher the social class, the greater the recognition of mental illness behaviors

A

True

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7
Q

True or false: Christians and more likely to seek psychiatric assistance than are people who are Catholic or Jewish

A

False. Jewish people are more likely to seek psychiatric assistance

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8
Q

Are men or women more likely to recognize the symptoms of mental illness and seek assistance?

A

Women are

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9
Q

Fight or flight stages

A
  1. Alarm reaction stage: The responses of the fight or flight syndrome are initiated
  2. Stage of resistance: individual uses responses of the first stage to attempt to adapt to the stressor. If adaptation occurs the third stage is avoided. Physiological symptoms may disappear.
  3. Stage of exhaustion: adaptive energy is depleted. Diseases of adaptation (headaches, mental disorders) may occur.
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10
Q

Anxiety is fear of

A

The unknown

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11
Q

Anxiety becomes a problem when the individual is unable to

A

when the individual is unable to prevent the anxiety from escalating to a level that interferes with the ability to meet basic needs

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12
Q

Mild anxiety

A

Seldom a problem. Prepares people for actions and promotes optimal level of oneself. It sharpens the senses, increases motivation for productivity, increases the perceptual field, and results in heightened awareness. Learning is enhanced.

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13
Q

Moderate anxiety

A

Perceptual field starts to diminish. Individual is LESS ALERT to events occurring. ATTENTION SPAN AND CONCENTRATION DECREASE. With direction/assistance can still attend needs. MUSCULAR TENSION AND RESTLESSNESS

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14
Q

Severe Anxiety

A

One detail centered or many extraneous ones. Difficulty with simplest tasks. Physical and emotional symptoms may be evident (headaches, palpitations, confusion, horror). Discomfort causes all behavior to be aimed at relieving this anxiety.

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15
Q

Panic Anxiety

A

Cannot focus on any detail!! LOSS OF CONTACT WITH REALITY may occur. HALLUCINATIONS AND DELUSIONS. Can lead to exhaustion!!! Feeling of terror!

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16
Q

Coping mechanisms (e.g. Sleeping, pacing, crying, exercising) are used in what level of anxiety

A

Mild anxiety

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17
Q

Mild to Moderate defenses

A

Ego defenses mechanisms (denial, displacement)

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18
Q

Moderate to severe anxiety defense

A

Psychophysiological responses. (The unresolved anxiety can lead to a number of physiological disorders or delay recovery from)

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19
Q

Severe anxiety defense

A

Psychoneurotic responses: anxiety disorders, somatic symptom disorders and dissociative disorders

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20
Q

Neurosis is considered a _____ and no longer a _____.

A

Symptom. Mental disorder.

21
Q

Neurosis

A

Symptom of severe anxiety.
Person is AWARE of the distress and their maladaptive behaviors.
NO LOSS OF CONTACT WITH REALITY.
Can be expressed directly or through defense mechanisms.
They are unaware of possible psychological causes!

22
Q

Panic Anxiety defense

A

Psychotic responses.

23
Q

Psychosis

A

UNAWARE that their behavior is maladaptive and of any psychological problems.
FLIGHT FROM REALITY!
Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech
Flat, bland or inappropriate emotional tone
Ex- schizophrenia, delusional disorders

24
Q

Displacement

A

Ego defense mechanism: The transfer of feelings from one target to another that is considered less threatening or that is neutral

25
Q

Rationalization

A

Attempting to MAKE EXCUSES to justify unacceptable feelings or behaviors : “I drink because it’s the only way I can deal with my bad marriage.”

26
Q

Reaction formation

A

Preventing unacceptable or undesirable thoughts or behaviors from being expressed by exaggerating opposite thoughts. Ex/ Bruce dies. “Bruce was a perfect dog!”

27
Q

Regression

A

Responding to stress by retreating to an earlier level of development. Ex/ 2yr old hospitalized with tonsillitis drinks only from bottle even though he’s been drinking from a cup for 6 months

28
Q

Identification

A

Ego defense mechanism: and attempt to increase self-worth by acquiring certain attributes of an individual one admires

29
Q

Intellectualization

A

Ego defense mechanism: an attempt to avoid expressing actual emotions associated with a stressful situation by using the intellectual processes of logic, reasoning, and analysis EX/Susan moves w/ husband far from parents and hides anxiety by explaining to her parents the advantages of moving

30
Q

Introjection

A

Ego defense mechanism: integrating the beliefs and values of another individual into one’s own ego structure. EX: children integrate parents’ values

31
Q

Isolation

A

Separating a thought or memory from the feeling tone or emotion associated with it. ex: without showing any emotion, a young woman described being attacked and raped

32
Q

Projection

A

Attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable to oneself to another person.

33
Q

Repression

A

Ego defense mechanism: INVOLUNTARILY blocking unpleasant feelings and experiences from one’s awareness

34
Q

Sublimation

A

Ego defense mechanism: rechanneling of drives or impulses that are personally or socially unacceptable into activities that are constructive

35
Q

Suppression

A

The VOLUNTARY blocking of unpleasant feelings and experiences from one’s awareness

36
Q

Real loss

A

Death of a loved one, loss of personal possessions

37
Q

Perceived loss

A

Loss of the feeling of femininity following a mastectomy

38
Q

Stages of grief

A

DAB DA! Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance (in order)

39
Q

Stage 1 of Grief

A

Denial: shock and disbelief. Reality of the loss is not acknowledged. Denial is a protective mechanism that allows the individual to cope within an immediate timeframe while organizing more effective defense strategies

40
Q

Stage 2 of Grief

A

Anger: envy and resentment toward individuals not affected by the loss. Anger may be directed at self or DISPLACED on loved ones, caregivers, and even God. “Why me?” “It’s not fair!”

41
Q

Stage 3 of grief

A

Bargaining: during this stage, a “bargain” is made with God in an attempt to reverse or postpone the loss. sometimes the promise is associated with feelings of guilt for not having performed satisfactorily.

42
Q

Stage 4 of grief

A

Depression: full impact of loss is experienced. Feelings of sadness and depression prevail. Disengagement from all association with the loss entity. **This stage differs from pathological depression in that it represents advancement towards resolution!!

43
Q

Stage 5 of Grief

A

Acceptance: feeling of peace regarding the loss. The focus is on the reality of the loss.

44
Q

Resolution of the process of mourning occurs when:

A

Resolution of the process of mourning is thought to have occurred when an individual can look back on the relationship with the loss entity and except both the pleasures and the disappointments. Preoccupation with the lost entity has been replaced with energy and the desire to pursue new situations and relationships.

45
Q

Anticipatory grief

A

When a loss is anticipated, individuals often begin the work of grieving before the actual loss occurs. Sometimes disengaging from the dying person who then may feel rejected.

46
Q

The Prolonged maladaptive grief response

A

2Ps: PREOCCUPIED w/memories many years later

  • intense emotional PAIN
  • behaviors of denial and anger stage
  • disorganized functioning
47
Q

Delayed or inhibited maladaptive grief response

A

3Ds: fixed in DENIAL stage

  • DOESN’T experience emotional pain
  • DISORDERS may be present: anxiety disorder::phobias,somatic symptom: and/or sleeping and eating disorders:: insomnia, anorexia
  • Cultural influences may expect to keep “stiff upper lip”
48
Q

Distorted maladaptive grief response

A

4As: fixed in ANGER stage

  • ALL grieving behaviors are exaggerated
  • inward ANGER on the self and despair
  • unable to do ADLs
  • PATHOLOGICAL DEPRESSION!!!
49
Q

____ & ______ have been identified as the two major, primary responses to stress

A

Anxiety and grief

50
Q

Maladaptive brief responses occur when an individual is unable to:

A

Unable to progress satisfactorily through the stages of grieving to achieve resolution

51
Q

Anna is diagnosed with major depressive disorder. She is most likely fixed in which stage of the grief process?

A

Anger stage because her grieving behavior is the distorted maladaptive grief response

Mental Health Nursing (12 decks)

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