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Anatomy And Physiology > Ch1 Human Body Orientation > Flashcards

Ch1 Human Body Orientation Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of structure

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2
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

know location

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3
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

know location

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4
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

know location

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5
Q

Vertebral Cavity

A

know location

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6
Q

Muscular system

A

causes mechanical motion

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7
Q

Nervous system

A

responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses

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8
Q

Skeletal System

A

provides support and levers for muscles to pull

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9
Q

Integumentary system

A

protects underlying organs from environmental damages and synthesizes vitamin D

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10
Q

Endocrine System

A

controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones

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11
Q

cardiovascular system

A

delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues

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12
Q

Immune system

A

produces antibodies that attach to foreign substances

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13
Q

lymphatic system

A

removes and filters excess fluid from tissues

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14
Q

Negative feedback

A

reducing the output or activity of any organ

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15
Q

Positive feedback

A

enhances or exaggerates original stimulus

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16
Q

Imaging is useful in discovering obstructed blood supplies in organs and tissues

A

True

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17
Q

The anatomical position means the body is standing at attention with the palms facing forward
and the thumbs pointing away from the body.

A

True

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18
Q

The elbow is proximal to the shoulder.

A

false

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19
Q

The part of the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral
peritoneum.

A

false

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20
Q

A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction.

A

true

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21
Q

The right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach.

A

false

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22
Q

Lungs carry out an excretory function

A

true

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23
Q

Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception
through old age

A

false

24
Q

A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function.

A

true

25
Q

It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment
remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it.

A

true

26
Q

Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body
chemistry in balance.

A

true

27
Q

Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then
respond to them.

A

true

28
Q

The epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region.

A

true

29
Q

Tissues

A

similiar cells that have a common function

30
Q

What does the “principle of complementarity of structures and function” mean?

A

“structure determines function.”

31
Q

term that describes back of elbow

A

olecranal

32
Q

term that describes neck region

A

cervical

33
Q

the heart is ______ to the arm

A

medial

34
Q

The ________ cavity contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organ of
hearing in the inner ear.

A

middle ear

35
Q

________ is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function
of specific organs or organic systems.

A

physiology

36
Q

What is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment termed?

A

homeostasis

37
Q

Which cavity contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum?

A

pelvic

38
Q

What is the serous membrane that covers the intestines called?

A

visceral peritoneum

39
Q

________ physiology concerns urine production and kidney function.

A

renal

40
Q

What broad term covers all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells?

A

metabolism

41
Q

What is the function of the serous membranes?

A

They act to reduce friction and allow the organs to slide across cavity walls.

42
Q

Fully describe the anatomical position for the human body.

A

The body is erect, arms hanging at the sides, palms forward, and thumbs pointed away
from the midline.

43
Q

What does gross anatomy study?

A

Larger structures of the body that can be seen with the naked eye.

44
Q

Can lungs carry out excretory functions? Explain your answer.

A

Yes, carbon dioxide is a metabolic waste the lungs excrete.

45
Q

The higher we go in the mountains, the greater the atmospheric pressure, resulting in an
increase in available oxygen. Comment on this statement

A

At high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is less than at lower levels resulting in a
decrease in oxygen levels. The lower oxygen levels may be inadequate to support cellular
metabolism

46
Q

Why is anatomical terminology necessary?

A

yes, Anatomical terms are precise words that have limited usage, which prevents confusion
when describing the location of body parts.

47
Q

The five unique cavities of the head are cranial, oral, nasal, middle ear, and ________.

A

orbital

48
Q

The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called ________.

A

responsiveness or excitability

49
Q

What is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body?

A

water

50
Q

Why must a normal body temperature be maintained in order for chemical reactions to be
continued at life-sustaining rates?

A

If body temperature is too low, chemical reactions slow and eventually stop. If body
temperature is too high, chemical reactions speed up and body proteins lose their normal shape,
resulting in loss of function

51
Q

What is the pathway between the receptor and the control center in the reflex pathway
called?

A

afferent pathway

52
Q

What type of homeostatic feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex?

A

negative

53
Q

Why are the abdominopelvic cavity organs the most vulnerable to blunt deceleration in an
automobile accident with seat belts?

A

The walls of the abdominal cavity are formed only by trunk muscles and are not
reinforced by bone. The pelvic organs receive a somewhat greater degree of protection from the
bony pelvis.

54
Q

What is the goal of all of the negative feedback mechanisms of the body?

A

The goal is to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.

55
Q

Which feedback mechanism causes the variable to deviate further and further from its
original value or range?

A

positive feedback

56
Q

What can happen when the usual negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed and
destructive positive feedback mechanisms take over?

A

Homeostatic imbalances increase our risk for illness and produce the changes we associate with aging.

57
Q

Which body system would be most affected by a lower than normal atmospheric pressure?

A

respiratory system

Anatomy And Physiology (15 decks)

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