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Anatomy And Physiology > CH 4 > Flashcards

CH 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Tissues

A

Epithelial- cover
connective- support
muscle- produce movement
nerve- controls

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2
Q

epithelial functions

A 
protect
absorb
filtration
excretion
secretion
sensory
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3
Q

Epithelial characteristics

A 
polarity
specialized contact
support by connective tissue
avascular, innervate 
regenerate
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4
Q

cells have polarity

A

apical surface

basal surface

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5
Q

microvilli

A

fingerlike, increase surface area

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6
Q

basal lamina

A

underside of epithelial layer

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7
Q

specialized contact

A

bind adjacent cells:

Tight junction and desmosomes

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8
Q

connective tissue support

A

reticular lamina- under basal lamina and network of collagen fibers

basement membrane- basal + reticular lamina
resist stretching and tearing

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9
Q

avascular but innervated

A

no blood vessels, nourished by underlying connective tissue

supplied by nerve fibers

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10
Q

regeneration

A

stimulate by loss of apical-basal polarity and lateral contact

adequate nutrition can replace lost cell by cell division

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11
Q

simple epithelia

A

absorb, secrete, filtrate, very thin

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12
Q

simple squamous

A

(secrete) allow material to pass through diffusion.

found in rapid diffusion prioritizes

(kidney, lungs)

endothelium- lines lymph, blood vessels and heart

mesothelium- epithelium of serous membrane in ventral body cavity

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13
Q

simple cuboidal

A

secretion and absorption

kidney tubule

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14
Q

simple columnar

A

absorption and secretion of mucus and enzymes by cilia

digestive tracht, gall bladder, stomach to rectum

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15
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

single layer, nucleus at different levels

Secrete substances particularly mucus, propulsion by ciliary.

most of upper respiratory tracht

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16
Q

stratified epithelial tissue

A

2 or more layers, regenerate from below, protection is major role

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17
Q

stratified squamous

A

surface cells have keratin and dead, basal cells are active produce more cells

protects against abrasion

epidermis, esophagus, vagina

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18
Q

stratified cuboidal

A

rare, found in sweat and mammary, 2 cell layers thick

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19
Q

stratified columnar

A

protection and secretion

male urethra and some in large glands

basal cells cuboidal superficial columnar

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20
Q

transitional epithelium

A

change shape and stretch, forms hollow urinary organs

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21
Q

gland

A

cells that make and secrete aqueous fluid called secretion

classified by endocrine or exocrine

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22
Q

ductless gland

A

secretion not released in duct

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23
Q

endocrine

A

secrete hormone through lymph or blood

24
Q

exocrine

A

secretes to body surface

sweat, oil, saliva

25
Q

unicellular exocrine gland

A

mucous and goblet cells

produce mucin, in water becomes mucous

26
Q

multicellular gland

A

simple or compound gland, branched or unbranched

tubular, alveolar, tubuloalveolar

secrete: Merocrine - exocytosis- sweat

holocrine- accumulate then rupture

apocrine- accumulates but only apex ruptures

27
Q

connective tissue

A

made up off: ground substance, fibers, cells

function: bind and support, protecting, insulating, storing reserve fuel, transporting substance

28
Q

connective tissue characteristic

A

mesenchyme embryonic tissue

varying vascularity

extracellular matrix- nonliving

29
Q

ground substance

A

unstructured materials between cells, medium for solutes to diffuse between blood capillary and cells.

30
Q

fibers

A

collagen- strongest most abundant, strength

elastic fiber- elastin fiber that allow for stretch and recoil

reticular- short, branched collagen fiber

31
Q

blast cell

A

immature, secrete ground substance and fiber

32
Q

types of blasts

A

fibroblast- connective tissue proper

chondroblast- cartilage

osteoblast-bone

33
Q

cyte cell

A

mature cell, maintain matrix

34
Q

type of cytes

A

chondrocytes- cartilage

osteocyte- bones

35
Q

other connective tissue cell

A

fat- storage

white blood- tissue injury

mast- inflammatory response against foreign microorganism

macrophage- phagocyte that eat dead cells, microorganism

36
Q

connective tissue proper

A

loose connective- areolar, adipose, reticular

dense connective- dense, irregular, elastic

37
Q

areolar

A

gel matrix, wraps and cushions

38
Q

adipocyte

A

reserve fuel,

39
Q

reticular

A

support free blood cell in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow.

40
Q

loose connective tissue

A

network of reticular fiber, forms soft internal skeleton (stroma) that support other cells

41
Q

dense regular

A

primarily collagen made of fibroblast, attach to muscle or bone

tendons and ligaments

42
Q

dense irregular

A

irregular collagen fiber arrangement, withstand tension exerted in all directions

43
Q

elastic connective tissue

A

dense regular connective tissue contain elastic fiber, allow recoil after stretching

(walls of arteries)

44
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

firm matrix, collagen fiber form imperceptible network

support and reinforce as cushion

forms most of embryonic skeleton

45
Q

elastic cartilage

A

similair to hyaline but more elastic fiber

maintains structure while allowing flexibility

ear

46
Q

fibrocartilage

A

thick collagen fibers, tenseness allows for absorbing shock.

intervertebral disks

47
Q

bone

A

calcified matrix, contains collagen fiber

support and protects

48
Q

blood

A

atypical connective tissue

transport

49
Q

muscle tissue

A

responsible for movement, highly vascularized

50
Q

types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal- voluntary, found in skeletal

cardiac- found in walls of heart, involuntary

smooth- walls of hollow organ except heart, involuntary

51
Q

nervous tissue

A

branching cells, extend from nucleus

transmit electrical signals

52
Q

lining membrane

A

cutaneous
mucous
serous

53
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

skin- keratinized epidermis attached to thick connective tissue

54
Q

mucous membrane

A

line body cavity that is open to exterior

55
Q

serous membrane

A

line body cavity that are closed to closed to exterior

closed ventral body cavity

56
Q

tissue repair

A

regeneration- same tissue replace old tissue original function restored

fibrosis- connective tissue replaces old tissue
original function lost

57
Q

step in tissue repair

A

inflammation

organization restores blood supply

regeneration

Anatomy And Physiology (15 decks)

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