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Anatomy And Physiology > Ch 3 > Flashcards

Ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

membrane lipid

A

phospholipid, glycolipid, cholesterol

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2
Q

phosphate head

A

polar and hydrophilic

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3
Q

fatty acid tail

A

nonpolar and hydrophobic

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4
Q

2 Types of membrane protein

A

integral and peripheral

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5
Q

function of membrane protein

A

transport, receptor, attach to cytoskeleton, enzymatic activity, intercellular joining, cell-cell recognition.

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6
Q

cells are surrounded by

A

interstitual fluid

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7
Q

plasma membrane is

A

selectively permeable

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8
Q

passive process

A

no atp required, substance moves down concentration gradient

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9
Q

active process

A

atp required,

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10
Q

Two passive processes

A

diffusion and filtration

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11
Q

collisions cause

A

molecules to move down concentratiojn gradient

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12
Q

Diffusion influenced by

A 
concentration gradient
temperature
mass
surface area 
distance
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13
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

bind to protein carrier

moving through water filled- ion channel

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14
Q

leakage channel

A

always open

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15
Q

gated channel

A

controlled by chemical signals

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16
Q

osmosis

A

solvent high to low concentration

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17
Q

active transport

A

primary- direct atp
secondary- indirect atp
-symport and antiport pumps

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18
Q

vesicular transport

A

transport large particles through membrane sacs called vessicles

endocytosis- transport in cell

exocytosis- transport out of cell

transcytosis- in n out of cell

vessicular trafficking- from one area to another in cell

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19
Q

pinocytosis

A

plasma membrane infolds and brings extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes inside cell.

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20
Q

cytoskeleton

A

rods through cytosol, proteins link rod to other cell structure.

Microfilament
microtubule
intermediate filament

21
Q

microfilament

A

mechanical support

22
Q

intermediate filament

A

anchor organelles

23
Q

microtubule

A

helps move substance

24
Q

centrosome

A

organelle near nucleus controls organization of microtubules

25
Q

centriole

A

small tubes by microtubule

26
Q

microvilli

A

fingerlike, increase surface area

27
Q

ribosome

A

protein production

28
Q

ER

A

interconnected tube,

Rough ER and Smooth ER

29
Q

Smooth ER

A

Lipid metabolism; cholesterol and steroid-based hormone synthesis

Detoxification of drugs

30
Q

golgi apparatus

A

package, modified, sent off

31
Q

lysosome

A

bag containing digestive enzyme

32
Q

peroxisome

A

powerful oxidase, detoxify harmful substance, neutralize free radical

33
Q

proteasome

A

destroy faulty, unneeded, faulty protein by cutting smaller peptides

34
Q

mitochondria

A

provide atp

35
Q

nucleus

A

blueprint for celular protein

36
Q

chromatin

A

strand dna, arranged as nucleosome,

condenses into chromosome

37
Q

nucleoli

A

rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly

38
Q

rRNA

A

translate message from mrna

39
Q

mRNA

A

instruction for building polypeptide

40
Q

tRNA

A

bind to amino acid and pair with base of codon of mRNA

41
Q

protein synthesis

A

replication- dna duplicated

transcription- dna informed coded in mRNA

translation- mRNA decoded to assemble polypeptide

42
Q

codon

A

three base sequence of mRNA

43
Q

anticodon

A

binds mRNA at ribosome by hydrogen atoms

44
Q

meiosis

A

cell division produce gametes

45
Q

mitotic cell division

A

produce clones

46
Q

mitosis

A

division of nucleus

47
Q

cell cycle

A

G1- growth
s- growth and dna synthesis
g2- growth and final phase for division

48
Q

mitotic phases

A

prophase- chromatin condenses into chromosome

metaphase- centromeres of chromosome line up

anaphase- chromosome split and sister cell move up

telophase- spindle dissolve, regain chromatin appearance, forms new membrane

cytokenesis- cytoplasm split

Anatomy And Physiology (15 decks)

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