Ch 3 Flashcards
membrane lipid
phospholipid, glycolipid, cholesterol
phosphate head
polar and hydrophilic
fatty acid tail
nonpolar and hydrophobic
2 Types of membrane protein
integral and peripheral
function of membrane protein
transport, receptor, attach to cytoskeleton, enzymatic activity, intercellular joining, cell-cell recognition.
cells are surrounded by
interstitual fluid
plasma membrane is
selectively permeable
passive process
no atp required, substance moves down concentration gradient
active process
atp required,
Two passive processes
diffusion and filtration
collisions cause
molecules to move down concentratiojn gradient
Diffusion influenced by
concentration gradient temperature mass surface area distance
facilitated diffusion
bind to protein carrier
moving through water filled- ion channel
leakage channel
always open
gated channel
controlled by chemical signals
osmosis
solvent high to low concentration
active transport
primary- direct atp
secondary- indirect atp
-symport and antiport pumps
vesicular transport
transport large particles through membrane sacs called vessicles
endocytosis- transport in cell
exocytosis- transport out of cell
transcytosis- in n out of cell
vessicular trafficking- from one area to another in cell
pinocytosis
plasma membrane infolds and brings extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes inside cell.
cytoskeleton
rods through cytosol, proteins link rod to other cell structure.
Microfilament
microtubule
intermediate filament
microfilament
mechanical support
intermediate filament
anchor organelles
microtubule
helps move substance
centrosome
organelle near nucleus controls organization of microtubules
centriole
small tubes by microtubule
microvilli
fingerlike, increase surface area
ribosome
protein production
ER
interconnected tube,
Rough ER and Smooth ER
Smooth ER
Lipid metabolism; cholesterol and steroid-based hormone synthesis
Detoxification of drugs
golgi apparatus
package, modified, sent off
lysosome
bag containing digestive enzyme
peroxisome
powerful oxidase, detoxify harmful substance, neutralize free radical
proteasome
destroy faulty, unneeded, faulty protein by cutting smaller peptides
mitochondria
provide atp
nucleus
blueprint for celular protein
chromatin
strand dna, arranged as nucleosome,
condenses into chromosome
nucleoli
rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly
rRNA
translate message from mrna
mRNA
instruction for building polypeptide
tRNA
bind to amino acid and pair with base of codon of mRNA
protein synthesis
replication- dna duplicated
transcription- dna informed coded in mRNA
translation- mRNA decoded to assemble polypeptide
codon
three base sequence of mRNA
anticodon
binds mRNA at ribosome by hydrogen atoms
meiosis
cell division produce gametes
mitotic cell division
produce clones
mitosis
division of nucleus
cell cycle
G1- growth
s- growth and dna synthesis
g2- growth and final phase for division
mitotic phases
prophase- chromatin condenses into chromosome
metaphase- centromeres of chromosome line up
anaphase- chromosome split and sister cell move up
telophase- spindle dissolve, regain chromatin appearance, forms new membrane
cytokenesis- cytoplasm split
