ch 7

Question 1

skeletal system

Answer 1

Axial- 80 bones (skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage) / Appendicular- 126

20% body mass

Bones, cartilages, joints, ligaments

Question 2

Skull

Answer 2

Cranial Bone (8)- Encloses brain in cranial cavity

Facial bone (14)- Framework of face

Site of attachment for head and neck muscle

Question 3

Suture

Answer 3

Sutural Bone- small, extra bone plates located within the sutures of cranial bones

Sutures- jointed areas where flat bones come together

Question 4

Fontanels

Answer 4

Mesenchyme filled space between cranial bones at birth close at 6months- 2 years

Question 5

8 cranial bones

Answer 5

Frontal bone
Parietal bones (2)
Occipital bone
Temporal bones (2)
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone

Question 6

Frontal Bone

Answer 6

Anterior portion of cranium, contains air filled frontal sinous

Question 7

Facial bone

Answer 7

(14)

Framework of face

Cavities for special sense organs for sight, taste, and smell

Openings for air and food passage

Sites of attachment for teeth and muscles of facial expression

Question 8

14 Facial Bones

Answer 8

Mandible
Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2)
Zygomatic bones (2)
Nasal bones (2)
lacrimal bone (2)
palatine bone(2)
vomer
inferior nasal cochea

Question 9

orbit

Answer 9

Root of Orbit-

• lesser wing of sphenoid
• orbital plate of frontal bone

Lateral wall of orbit-
zygomatic process
greater wing of sphenoid

Medial wall-
sphenoid body 
orbital plate of ethmoid
frontal process of maxilla
lacrimal bone

Floor of orbit-
orbital process of palatine
orbital surface of maxillary bone
zygomatic bone

Question 10

Hyoid

Answer 10

Lone bone, support tongue with muscle attachment

Question 11

vertebral column

Answer 11

Transmit weight of trunk to lower limbs, Protect spinal cord

flexible curved structure

Cervical-thoracic-lumbar-sacrum-coccyx-

Question 12

Intervertebral Disk

Answer 12

Cushionlike pad composed of 2

Nucleus Pulpous- inner gelatinous nucleus
gives disk elasticity and compressibility

Anulus Fibrosus- Outer collar composed of collagen and fibrocartilage

Question 13

General Vertebral Structure

Answer 13

body (centrum)- anterior weight bearing region

vertebral Arch- Composed of pedicles and laminae that, along with centrum, enclose vertebral foramen

Vertebral Foramina- Together make up vertebral canal for spinal cord

Intervertebral Foramina- Lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae for spinal nerves

Question 14

7 Process per vertebra

Answer 14

Spinous process—projects posteriorly
Transverse processes (2)—project laterally
Superior articular processes (2)—protrude superiorly
Inferior articular processes (2)—protrude inferiorly

Question 15

C1 Atlas

Answer 15

No body or spinous process

Consists of anterior and posterior arches, and two lateral masses

Superior surfaces of lateral masses articulate with occipital condyles

Movement for “Yes”

Question 16

C2 Axis

Answer 16

Dens projects superiorly into anterior arch of atlas

Is “missing” body of atlas

Dens is a pivot for rotation of atlas

Movement for “No”

Question 17

Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 17

T1 to T12

All articulate with ribs at facets and demifacets

Long, spinous process that points inferiorly

Circular vertebral foramen

Location of articular facets allows rotation of this area of spine

Question 18

Lumbar Vertabrae

Answer 18

L1 to L5

Receives most stress

Short, thick pedicles and laminae

Flat hatchet-shaped spinous processes point posteriorly

Vertebral foramen triangular

Orientation of articular facets locks lumbar vertebrae
together to prevent rotation

Question 19

Sternum

Answer 19

Three fused bones

Manubrium – Superior portion

Articulates with clavicles and ribs 1 and 2

Body (midportion)

Articulates with costal cartilages of ribs 2 through 7

Xiphoid process – Inferior end

Site of muscle attachment

Not ossified until ~age 40