CH.1 Atoms and Molecules Flashcards
Define chemical element
A substance that cannot be split up any smaller. The building blocks of matter
What are the 4 major chemical elements of the body?
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Nitrogen (N)
What does carbon do and where would you find it?
Carbon is the backbone of all macromolecules and can be found in carbon dioxide (CO2)
What does hydrogen do and where would you find it?
found in water (H20) and ionizes to H+. Hydrogenates the body
What does oxygen do and where would you find it?
A molecular oxygen gas (O2) and water (H20)and in all macromolecules. Essential for the breakdown pf glucose into ATP
What does nitrogen do and where would you find it?
in protein and nucleic acid and nitrogenous excretion products
Define the term atom
The smallest unit of a chemical element
that still retains the physical and chemical
properties of that element
- Made of subatomic particles
Subatomic particles: structures that have
electrical charge and are located in
specific locations within the atom
Draw and label a Bohr diagram
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Be able to identify # of protons, neutrons, and electrons if given a atomic number and mass
Atomic number = protons & neutrons (they will have the same amount)
Atomic mass = protons + electrons (subtract # of protons which is the Atomic # to get electrons)
describe structure of an atom
protons and neutrons in middle, electrons in valence shells. first shell has 2 electrons, after the there is 8 per shell
define molecule
Combination of 2 or more atoms by chemical bond
define compound
two or more elements in a fixed ratio by chemical bonds
compare and contrast molecule vs compound
molecules consist of atoms whereas compounds are elements in a fixed ration. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds
how do ions form?
ions form when an atom will give up an electron or take an electron in order to have a complete outer valence shell
cation
an atom that loses an electron
