CH.1 Atoms and Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

Define chemical element

A

A substance that cannot be split up any smaller. The building blocks of matter

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2
Q

What are the 4 major chemical elements of the body?

A

Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Nitrogen (N)

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3
Q

What does carbon do and where would you find it?

A

Carbon is the backbone of all macromolecules and can be found in carbon dioxide (CO2)

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4
Q

What does hydrogen do and where would you find it?

A

found in water (H20) and ionizes to H+. Hydrogenates the body

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5
Q

What does oxygen do and where would you find it?

A

A molecular oxygen gas (O2) and water (H20)and in all macromolecules. Essential for the breakdown pf glucose into ATP

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6
Q

What does nitrogen do and where would you find it?

A

in protein and nucleic acid and nitrogenous excretion products

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7
Q

Define the term atom

A

The smallest unit of a chemical element
that still retains the physical and chemical
properties of that element
- Made of subatomic particles
Subatomic particles: structures that have
electrical charge and are located in
specific locations within the atom

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8
Q

Draw and label a Bohr diagram

A

-

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9
Q

Be able to identify # of protons, neutrons, and electrons if given a atomic number and mass

A

Atomic number = protons & neutrons (they will have the same amount)
Atomic mass = protons + electrons (subtract # of protons which is the Atomic # to get electrons)

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10
Q

describe structure of an atom

A

protons and neutrons in middle, electrons in valence shells. first shell has 2 electrons, after the there is 8 per shell

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11
Q

define molecule

A

Combination of 2 or more atoms by chemical bond

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12
Q

define compound

A

two or more elements in a fixed ratio by chemical bonds

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13
Q

compare and contrast molecule vs compound

A

molecules consist of atoms whereas compounds are elements in a fixed ration. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds

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14
Q

how do ions form?

A

ions form when an atom will give up an electron or take an electron in order to have a complete outer valence shell

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15
Q

cation

A

an atom that loses an electron

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16
Q

anion

A

An atom that gains an electron

17
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

a ionic bond happens between two oppositely charged ions

18
Q

how are covalent bonds formed?

A

A covalent bond is formed when two atoms will share electrons to complete their outer shells

19
Q

polar covalent bonds

A

unequal sharing of electrons causing the electrons to spend more time around one nucleus than another, making it electronegative

20
Q

Non-polar covalent bonds

A

equal sharing of electrons
electrons spend equal time around both nuclei

21
Q

organic molecules

A

Always contains carbon
large complex structures
covalent bonds
formations creates energy for metabolism
eg. fats, sugars, protein

22
Q

inorganic molecules

A

can but don’t always contain carbon
simpler and smaller
covalent or ionic
Don’t release energy during formation
eg. H20, NaCl