CH07 A320 Flight Controls Flashcards
FCTRL_002
Describe the roles of the Elevator Aileron Computers (ELAC 1 and ELAC 2).
▪ Provides control of the ______, ______, and ______ ______ ______ (___).
▪ Determines requirement for and activates ______ ______ during rolls, and ______ ______ for yaw.
▪ Both ELACs are normally ______. Should one fail, the remaining ELAC ______ assumes all ELAC-related functions.
Elevator Aileron Computers: ______
FCTRL_002
Describe the roles of the Elevator Aileron Computers (ELAC 1 and ELAC 2).
▪ Provides control of the Elevators, Ailerons, and Trimmable Horizontal Stabilizer (THS).
▪ Determines requirement for and activates spoiler assist during rolls, and rudder input for yaw.
▪ Both ELACs are normally active. Should one fail, the remaining ELAC automatically assumes all ELAC-related functions.
Elevator Aileron Computers: ELAC
FCTRL_003
Describe the roles of the Flight Augmentation Computers (FAC 1 and FAC 2).
▪Provides control of the Rudder to include:
- _____ coordination
- _____ damping
- High/Low speed _____ limiting
- _____ trim
Only one _____ is active at a time with the other serving as a _____.
_____ ______ ______: FAC
FCTRL_003
Describe the roles of the Flight Augmentation Computers (FAC 1 and FAC 2).
▪Provides control of the Rudder to include:
- Turn coordination
- Yaw damping
- High/Low speed rudder limiting
- Rudder trim
Only one FAC is active at a time with the other serving as a backup.
Flight Augmentation Computers: FAC
FCTRL_004
Describe the roles of the Spoiler Elevator Computers (SEC 1, SEC 2 and SEC 3):
▪All SECs are _____ during operations with each responsible for a _____ pair, or pairs, of _____ panels.
▪SEC 1 and SEC 2 can provide _____ control of the _____ and _____ in the event of a dual _____ failure.
_____ _____ _____: SEC
THS: _____ _____ _____
▪All SECs are active during operations with each responsible for a specific pair, or pairs, of spoiler panels.
▪SEC 1 and SEC 2 can provide backup control of the Elevators and THS in the event of a dual ELAC failure.
Spoiler Elevator Computers: SEC
THS: Trimmable Horizontal Stabilizer
FCTRL_006
Describe the Flight Control Laws:
❇️Normal Law:
▪ Defines the Flight Control Computers’ logic of the aircraft’s ____, ____, and ____ limits during ____ operations.
▪ All ________ are available in order to prevent the aircraft from ____its designed flight ____.
Active when all, or nearly all, ____ are functioning ______.
FCTRL_006
Describe the Flight Control Laws:
❇️Normal Law:
▪ Defines the Flight Control Computers’ logic of the aircraft’s pitch, roll, and yaw limits during normal operations.
▪ All protections are available in order to prevent the aircraft from exceeding its designed flight envelope.
Active when all, or nearly all, systems are functioning correctly.
FCTRL_006
Describe the Flight Control Laws.
❇️ Alternate Law:
▪ Defines the _______ _______ _______’ logic of the aircraft’s _______, _______, and _______ limits in response to multiple _______ involving a _______ _______ _______, _______, or _______ system’s (_______).
▪ Maintains a high level of _______, though some flight control characteristics _______, and some flight envelope _______ are lost.
AIR DATA INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM: ______
FCTRL_006
Describe the Flight Control Laws.
❇️ Alternate Law:
▪ Defines the Flight Control Computers’ logic of the aircraft’s pitch, roll, and yaw limits in response to multiple failures involving a Flight Control computer, Hydraulic, or Navigation system/s (ADIRS).
▪ Maintains a high level of capability, though some flight control characteristics change, and some flight envelope protections are lost.
AIR DATA INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM: ADIRS
FCTRL_006
Describe the Flight Control Laws:
Direct Law:
▪ Typically occurs as the result of the ______ ______ ______ while in ______ Law but, can also be the result of more significant ______ failures.
▪ ______ ______ feel, and response is like a ______ aircraft but, all ______ are lost.
FCTRL_006
Describe the Flight Control Laws:
Direct Law:
▪ Typically occurs as the result of the landing gear lowered while in Alternate Law but, can also be the result of more significant system failures.
▪ Flight control feel, and response is like a conventional aircraft but, all protections are lost.
FCTRL_006
Describe the Flight Control Laws:
Mechanical Backup Law:
▪ Occurs when all ______ ______ ______ have ______ or there has been a ______ loss of ______ power.
▪ ______ ______ are inoperative, and the aircraft can only be controlled by manual ______ ______, ______ ______ and ______ ______.
FCTRL_006
Describe the Flight Control Laws:
Mechanical Backup Law:
▪ Occurs when all flight control computers have failed or there has been a total loss of electrical power.
▪ Side sticks are inoperative, and the aircraft can only be controlled by manual pitch trim, rudder pedals and engine thrust.
FCTRL_006
Describe the Flight Control Laws:
Abnormal Law:
▪ Provides sufficient _______ to _______ from _______ attitudes as the result of extraordinary _______ event.
▪ Is a subset of _______ Law.
Abnormal Law:
▪ Provides sufficient control to recover from unusual attitudes as the result of extraordinary external event.
▪ Is a subset of Alternate Law.
FCTRL_008
Describe Load Factor Demand.
▪ Available in ______ and ______ Law.
▪ Flight control computers interpret ______ change commands as ___-___ changes:
- Climb commands (Stick __) result in a ______ ___-___ change
- Descent commands (Stick ______) result in ______ ___-___ change
- ______ stick results in ______ ___-___ change
FCTRL_008
Describe Load Factor Demand.
▪ Available in Normal and Alternate Law.
▪ Flight control computers interpret pitch change commands as G-load changes:
- Climb commands (Stick aft) result in a positive G-Load change
- Descent commands (Stick forward) result in negative G-Load change
- Neutral stick results in zero G-Load change
FCTRL_009
Describe Automatic Pitch Trim during a roll.
▪ Automatic pitch trim is provided by the _______s in _______ and _______ Law.
▪ Pitch trim is automatically provided for bank angles up to and including __ degrees.
FCTRL_009
Describe Automatic Pitch Trim during a roll.
▪ Automatic pitch trim is provided by the ELACs in Normal and Alternate Law.
▪ Pitch trim is automatically provided for bank angles up to and including 33 degrees.
FCTRL_010
Describe Maneuver Protection.
▪ Available in ______ and ______ Law.
▪ Restricts ______ ______ ______ movement that would cause the aircraft to ______ its designed structural ___-_____ limits:
Clean configuration
(Flaps and Slats retracted): ___g to ___g
Slats extended, & Flaps retracted: ___g to ___g
Slats and Flaps extended: ___g to ___g
FCTRL_010
Describe Maneuver Protection.
▪ Available in Normal and Alternate Law.
▪ Restricts flight control surface movement that would cause the aircraft to exceed its designed structural G-load limits:
Clean configuration
(Flaps and Slats retracted): -1.0g to +2.5g
Slats extended, & Flaps retracted: -1.0g to +2.5g
Slats and Flaps extended: 0.0g to +2.0g
FCTRL_011
Describe Pitch Protection:
▪ Available only in ______ Law.
▪ Prevents excessive ____-____ and ____-____ attitudes.
▪ ELACs will allow attitudes no greater than ___o nose-up, or ___o nose-down, even if the sidestick is held _____ ___/_______.
ELAC:
FCTRL_011
Describe Pitch Protection:
▪ Available only in Normal Law.
▪ Prevents excessive nose-up and nose-down attitudes.
▪ ELACs will allow attitudes no greater than 30o nose-up, or 15o nose-down, even if the sidestick is held full aft/forward.
ELAC: Elevator Aileron Control
FCTRL_012
Describe High Speed Protection:
High Speed Protection:
▪ Available only in ______ Law.
▪ Attempts to prevent aircraft from exceed ___/___.
▪ Autopilot automatically ______.
▪ ______s automatically pitch the aircraft __ to limit further ______, even if the sidestick is held ____ ______.
FCTRL_012
Describe High Speed Protection:
▪ Available only in Normal Law.
▪ Attempts to prevent aircraft from exceed VMO/MMO.
▪ Autopilot automatically disengages.
▪ ELACs automatically pitch the aircraft up to limit further acceleration, even if the sidestick is held full forward.
FCTRL_013
Describe
Alpha Protection (Alpha Prot):
▪ Available only in _______ Law.
▪ _______ _______ _______ prevent the aircraft’s _____ __ _______ (___) from exceeding a predetermined threshold at ___ airspeeds.
▪ Autopilot automatically _______ and speed brakes, if deployed, _______ _____.
▪ Flight control computers logic changes from _______ _______ _______ to direct _______ pitch control.
▪ Pilot _______ input can override the _______ _______ _______ and further degrade the ____
FCTRL_013
Describe
Alpha Protection (Alpha Prot):
▪ Available only in Normal Law.
▪ Flight control computers prevent the aircraft’s angle of attack (AOA) from exceeding a predetermined threshold at low airspeeds.
▪ Autopilot automatically disengages and speed brakes, if deployed, automatically retract.
▪ Flight control computers logic changes from Load Factor Demand to direct sidestick pitch control.
▪ Pilot sidestick input can override the Flight Control computers and further degrade the AOA.
FCTRL_014
Describe the indication of Alpha Prot on the airspeed indicator:
▪ Alpha Prot is represented by the position of the top of the ____ and _____ band.
▪ Is available only in ______ Law.
▪ It can be overridden with ___ ____ ___ movement.
FCTRL_014
Describe the indication of Alpha Prot on the airspeed indicator:
Alpha Prot on the airspeed indicator.
▪ Alpha Prot is represented by the position of the top of the amber and black band.
▪ Is available only in Normal Law.
▪ It can be overridden with aft side stick movement.
FCTRL_015
Describe Alpha Max and how it is indicated on the airspeed indicator.
▪Alpha Max is the ______ angle of attack (AOA) that the flight control computers will allow:
o Available only in ______ Law.
o It cannot be______ by the pilot with ___ ___ ______ ______.
▪ It is represented by the ___ of the ___ band on the airspeed indicator.
FCTRL_015
Describe Alpha Max and how it is indicated on the airspeed indicator.
▪Alpha Max is the highest angle of attack (AOA) that the flight control computers will allow:
o Available only in Normal Law.
o It cannot be overridden by the pilot with full aft sidestick pressure.
▪ It is represented by the top of the red band on the airspeed indicator.
FCTRL_016
Describe Roll rate in Normal Law:
Roll rate in Normal Law:
▪ ____ side stick deflection yields the maximum allowable roll rate of __o per second, regardless of ____ or ________.
▪ Deflecting a sidestick only halfway yields a roll rate ____ of the _______ allowable rate.
▪ Neutral sidestick commands a ____ change in roll rate.
Roll rate in Normal Law:
▪ Full side stick deflection yields the maximum allowable roll rate of 15o per second, regardless of airspeed or configuration.
▪ Deflecting a sidestick only halfway yields a roll rate half of the maximum allowable rate.
▪ Neutral sidestick commands a zero change in roll rate.
FCTRL_017
Describe Bank Angle Hold:
Only available in ______ Law.
- At commanded bank angles of ≤__º, the bank angle is ______ with automatic ______ ____ when ______ is released.
FCTRL_017
Describe Bank Angle Hold:
Only available in Normal Law.
- At commanded bank angles of ≤33º, the bank angle is maintained with automatic pitch trim when sidestick is released.
FCTRL_017
Describe Positive Spiral Static Stability:
Only available in ______ Law.
- At commanded bank angles of >__º, if the ______ is released, bank angle ______ to and ______ __º.
________ pressure must be applied to the sidestick to hold bank angles ______ __º as well as _____.
FCTRL_017
Describe Positive Spiral Static Stability:
Positive Spiral Static Stability:
Only available in Normal Law.
- At commanded bank angles of >33º, if the sidestick is released, bank angle returns to and maintains 33º.
Continuous pressure must be applied to the sidestick to hold bank angles exceeding 33º as well as pitch.
FCTRL_019
Describe the role of Automatic Pitch Trim during turns.
▪ Available in ______ and ______ Law.
▪ At bank angles ≤__o, the ______s automatically introduce the necessary ______ ______ through automatic ______ ______.
▪ At bank angles above __o, this feature becomes ______,and __ ______ will be necessary to maintain a level turn.
FCTRL_019
Describe the role of Automatic Pitch Trim during turns.
▪ Available in Normal and Alternate Law.
▪ At bank angles ≤33o, the ELACs automatically introduce the necessary back pressure through automatic pitch trim.
▪ At bank angles above 33o, this feature becomes inhibited,and aft sidestick will be necessary to maintain a level turn.
FCTRL_020
Describe Bank Angle Protection:
▪ Available only in ______ Law.
▪ ____s restrict ______ ______ to a maximum of __o, even if ____ left or right ______ is maintained.
▪ Available only in Normal Law.
▪ ELACs restrict bank angle to a maximum of 67o, even if full left or right sidestick is maintained.
FCTRL_021
Recall the indications of Normal Law on the PFD.
▪ Green ______ signs displayed at:
- __º bank angle limit.
- +__º and -__º pitch attitude limits.
- _____ speed protection limit.
FCTRL_021
Recall the indications of Normal Law on the PFD.
▪ Green equal signs displayed at:
- 67º bank angle limit.
- +30º and -15º pitch attitude limits.
- High speed protection limit.
FCTRL_022
Describe the Ground mode of Normal Law:
- Active when aircraft is __ __ _____.
- _____ relationship between the _____ and _____ _____ surfaces
- Permits pilot to perform a _____ _____ _____ and _____ the aircraft on _____.
FCTRL_022
Describe the Ground mode of Normal Law:
- Active when aircraft is on the ground.
- Direct relationship between the sidesticks and flight control surfaces
- Permits pilot to perform a flight control check and rotate the aircraft on takeoff.
FCTRL_022
Describe the Flight mode of Normal Law:
- Active shortly ___ ______.
- All flight control computer ________ and _____ _________ take effect.
FCTRL_022
Describe the Flight mode of Normal Law:
- Active shortly after takeoff.
- All flight control computer protections and flight characteristics take effect.
FCTRL_022
Describe the Landing mode of Normal Law:
- Becomes active as the aircraft descends through __’ AGL, at which point the ______ “memorize” the aircraft’s ______ attitude.
- Beginning at __’ AGL, the ______ add a gentle ______-______ pitch command.
- Instinctively, the pilot counters this ______-______ action with ___ sidestick input, resulting in a landing flare maneuver much like a _________ aircraft.
- Shortly after landing, the aircraft returns to ______ mode, and the ___ resets to __.
FCTRL_022
Describe the Landing mode of Normal Law:
- Becomes active as the aircraft descends through 50’ AGL, at which point the ELACs “memorize” the aircraft’s pitch attitude.
- Beginning at 30’ AGL, the ELACs add a gentle nose down pitch command.
- Instinctively, the pilot counters this nose-down action with aft sidestick input, resulting in a landing flare maneuver much like a conventional aircraft.
- Shortly after landing, the aircraft returns to ground mode, and the THS resets to 0.
FCTRL_024
Explain how Roll Control is maintained while in Alternate Law:
▪ _______ relationship exists between _______ _______ and _______/ _______ deflection.
▪ All roll control _______ _______ and _______ are _______.
FCTRL_024
Explain how Roll Control is maintained while in Alternate Law:
Roll Control in Alternate Law:
▪ Direct relationship exists between sidestick deflection and elevator/aileron deflection.
▪ All roll control flight characteristics and protections are lost.
FCTRL_025
Describe High Speed stabilities in Alternate Law:
▪ Becomes active slightly below ___/____
▪ ELACS command the ______ to ______ the ______ _____, attempting to prevent an ______ in _______.
NOTE: High Speed Stability _________ be overridden by sidestick input.
FCTRL_025
Describe High Speed stabilities in Alternate Law:
High Speed stabilities in Alternate Law:
▪ Becomes active slightly below VMO/MMO
▪ ELACS command the elevators to increase the aircraft’s pitch, attempting to prevent an increase in speed.
NOTE: High Speed Stability can be overridden by sidestick input.
FCTRL_025
Describe Low Speed stabilities in Alternate Law:
▪ Becomes active at airspeed slightly ______ than ____ speed.
▪ Flight control computers command the______ to ______ aircraft’s ______ , attempting to______ ______ .
NOTE: Low Speed Stability ______ be overridden by sidestick input.
FCTRL_025
Describe Low Speed stabilities in Alternate Law:
Low Speed stabilities in Alternate Law:
▪ Becomes active at airspeed slightly higher than stall speed.
▪ Flight control computers command the elevators to decrease aircraft’s pitch, attempting to increase airspeed.
NOTE: Low Speed Stability can be overridden by sidestick input.