Ch. middle 5 & 7

Question 0

Role of consumer in an ecosystem.

Answer 0

Uses organic matter as a food source

Question 1

Role of producer in an ecosystem.

Answer 1

Converts inorganic matter to organic matter thru photosynthesis

Question 2

Decomposer’s role in an ecosystem.

Answer 2

Returns organic matter to inorganic matter; completes recycling of an atom

Question 3

What are trophic levels?

Answer 3

How energy moves thru an ecosystem

Question 4

What are 5 trophic levels and example of each?

Answer 4

Quartenary consumer- hawk
Tertiery consumer - snake
Secondary consumer - mouse
Primary consumer - grasshopper
Producer - plants

Question 5

Define food chain.

Answer 5

Series of organisms occupying different trophic levels thru which energy passes as a result if one organism consuming another

Question 6

Define food web.

Answer 6

Shows the kinda of interactions when several food chains overlap and intersect

Question 7

How does energy move thru an ecosystem?

Answer 7

Unidirectional

Question 8

Describe how carbon dioxide, producer, organic compounds, consumers, respiration, and decomposer is involved in the carbon cycle.

Answer 8

Draw diagram

Question 9

Define carbon sink

Answer 9

Any component of cycle that holds onto carbon for a long time

Question 10

4 examples of carbon sinks.

Answer 10

1. Trees
2. Fossil fuels
3. Soil and sediments
4. Oceans

Question 11

3 human impacts on carbon cycle

Answer 11

1. Climate change (global warming)
2. Elimination of plants
3. Carbonic acid

Question 12

More people = (blank) = (blank)

Answer 12

= more resources needed = more pollution/waste

Question 13

Describe human population curve.

Answer 13

Fairly steady until about 1800, and then a huge spike in human growth

Question 14

Factors of increased human growth overtime. (5)

Answer 14

1. Expansion = access to new resources
2. Agricultural revolution - more dependable, greater quantity
3. Industrial revolution - efficiency, greater quantity
4. Producing medicines
5. Access to clean water

Question 15

Type of relationship b/t growth rate and doubling time

Answer 15

Inverse

If growth rate increases, doubling time decreases

Question 16

Characteristics of developed countries (3)

Answer 16

1. GREATER per capita income exceeding $25k
   2 LESS populated (1.2 b)
2. Pop. relatively STABLE, growth rate = 7% b/t 2010 & 2050

Question 17

Characteristics of undeveloped countries (3)

Answer 17

1. LESS per capita income less than $2/day
2. HIGHLY populated (5.7 b)
3. HIGH pop. growth rates at 44% b/t 2010 & 2050

Question 18

Impacts of population growth (5)

Answer 18

1. Famine
2. Political unrest where great disparities in resources available exist
3. Environmental degradation due to poor agricultural practices and exploitation of natural resources
4. Water and air pollution
5. Extinction of species

Question 19

Define ecological footprint

Answer 19

Measurement of land required to provide resources and absorb waste we produce

Question 20

Explain I = P x A x T

Answer 20

Impact = pop. size x affluence x technology
Affluence - amount of resources consumed/person
Technology - meas. of methods used to provide resources

Question 21

Factors that influence population growth (4)

Answer 21

1. Biological
2. Social
3. Economic
4. Political

Question 22

Biological factors that influence population growth (4)

Answer 22

1. Birth and death rates
2. Fertility rates
3. Age dist: generations; ex “baby boomers”
4. Gender distribution

Question 23

Social factors that influence population growth (2)

Answer 23

1. Culture and traditions

2. Attitudes toward birth control

Question 24

Economic factor that influences population growth and example

Answer 24

1. Economic burden of children
   Ex. US - children can’t work (high)
   India - children contribute to family income (low)

Question 25

Political factors that influence population growth (2)

Answer 25

1. Gov policies - ex. China’s 1 child/family policy

2. Immigration - how easy of difficult it is to immigrate from country

Question 26

2 direct relationships affecting population growth

Answer 26

1. Earlier begin to have kids, the more kids you will have

2. As female literacy increases, GNP increases

Question 27

Define replacement fertility ratio

Answer 27

2.0
Replace who you die
i.e. 2 children replace parents who will die

Question 28

2 impacts of food production

Answer 28

1. Elimination of natural ecosystems and species

2. Mismanagement of agricultural systems

Question 29

Why do less developed countries rely on plants as a main food source?

Answer 29

Grains can support 10X more people than beef bc of energy that is lost during process

Question 30

Describe stage 1 of demographic transition (3)

Answer 30

1. High birthrate
2. High death rate
3. Stable population

Question 31

Describe stage 2 of demographic transition (3)

Answer 31

1. High birthrate
2. Low death rate
3. Population increases

Question 32

Describe stage 3 of demographic transition (3)

Answer 32

1. Technological development begins
2. Birthrate falls
3. Population continues to increase

Question 33

Describe stage 4 of demographic transition (4)

Answer 33

1. High technology
2. Low birthrate
3. Low death rate
4. Stable population

Question 34

Future concerns, the factors that determine carrying capacity of humans (4)

Answer 34

1. Availability of resources (food, natural resources)
2. Energy consumption
3. Waste production
4. Interactions with other organisms

Question 35

Define carrying capacity

Answer 35

of individuals a particular ecosystem can support