Ch. middle 5 & 7 Flashcards
Role of consumer in an ecosystem.
Uses organic matter as a food source
Role of producer in an ecosystem.
Converts inorganic matter to organic matter thru photosynthesis
Decomposer’s role in an ecosystem.
Returns organic matter to inorganic matter; completes recycling of an atom
What are trophic levels?
How energy moves thru an ecosystem
What are 5 trophic levels and example of each?
Quartenary consumer- hawk Tertiery consumer - snake Secondary consumer - mouse Primary consumer - grasshopper Producer - plants
Define food chain.
Series of organisms occupying different trophic levels thru which energy passes as a result if one organism consuming another
Define food web.
Shows the kinda of interactions when several food chains overlap and intersect
How does energy move thru an ecosystem?
Unidirectional
Describe how carbon dioxide, producer, organic compounds, consumers, respiration, and decomposer is involved in the carbon cycle.
Draw diagram
Define carbon sink
Any component of cycle that holds onto carbon for a long time
4 examples of carbon sinks.
- Trees
- Fossil fuels
- Soil and sediments
- Oceans
3 human impacts on carbon cycle
- Climate change (global warming)
- Elimination of plants
- Carbonic acid
More people = (blank) = (blank)
= more resources needed = more pollution/waste
Describe human population curve.
Fairly steady until about 1800, and then a huge spike in human growth
Factors of increased human growth overtime. (5)
- Expansion = access to new resources
- Agricultural revolution - more dependable, greater quantity
- Industrial revolution - efficiency, greater quantity
- Producing medicines
- Access to clean water
Type of relationship b/t growth rate and doubling time
Inverse
If growth rate increases, doubling time decreases
Characteristics of developed countries (3)
- GREATER per capita income exceeding $25k
2 LESS populated (1.2 b) - Pop. relatively STABLE, growth rate = 7% b/t 2010 & 2050
Characteristics of undeveloped countries (3)
- LESS per capita income less than $2/day
- HIGHLY populated (5.7 b)
- HIGH pop. growth rates at 44% b/t 2010 & 2050
Impacts of population growth (5)
- Famine
- Political unrest where great disparities in resources available exist
- Environmental degradation due to poor agricultural practices and exploitation of natural resources
- Water and air pollution
- Extinction of species
Define ecological footprint
Measurement of land required to provide resources and absorb waste we produce
Explain I = P x A x T
Impact = pop. size x affluence x technology
Affluence - amount of resources consumed/person
Technology - meas. of methods used to provide resources
Factors that influence population growth (4)
- Biological
- Social
- Economic
- Political
Biological factors that influence population growth (4)
- Birth and death rates
- Fertility rates
- Age dist: generations; ex “baby boomers”
- Gender distribution
Social factors that influence population growth (2)
- Culture and traditions
2. Attitudes toward birth control
Economic factor that influences population growth and example
- Economic burden of children
Ex. US - children can’t work (high)
India - children contribute to family income (low)
Political factors that influence population growth (2)
- Gov policies - ex. China’s 1 child/family policy
2. Immigration - how easy of difficult it is to immigrate from country
2 direct relationships affecting population growth
- Earlier begin to have kids, the more kids you will have
2. As female literacy increases, GNP increases
Define replacement fertility ratio
2.0
Replace who you die
i.e. 2 children replace parents who will die
2 impacts of food production
- Elimination of natural ecosystems and species
2. Mismanagement of agricultural systems
Why do less developed countries rely on plants as a main food source?
Grains can support 10X more people than beef bc of energy that is lost during process
Describe stage 1 of demographic transition (3)
- High birthrate
- High death rate
- Stable population
Describe stage 2 of demographic transition (3)
- High birthrate
- Low death rate
- Population increases
Describe stage 3 of demographic transition (3)
- Technological development begins
- Birthrate falls
- Population continues to increase
Describe stage 4 of demographic transition (4)
- High technology
- Low birthrate
- Low death rate
- Stable population
Future concerns, the factors that determine carrying capacity of humans (4)
- Availability of resources (food, natural resources)
- Energy consumption
- Waste production
- Interactions with other organisms
Define carrying capacity
of individuals a particular ecosystem can support
