Ch. 11

Question 1

biodiversity

Answer 1

diversity of genes, species, and ecosystems in a particular region

Question 2

how is biodiversity reduced? (3)

Answer 2

1. reduction in size population
2. destruction or modification of ecosystems
3. species extinction

Question 3

species threatened by extinction (4)

Answer 3

1. birds = 12.5%
2. mammals = 25%
3. amphibians = 33%
4. turtles = 50%

Question 4

coral reefs (2)

Answer 4

1. coral reefs lost = 10%

2. coral reefs threatened = 60%

Question 5

species most likely to become extinct (4)

Answer 5

1. low population density
2. found in small areas
3. specialized niche
4. low reproductive rates

Question 6

species least likely to become extinct (4)

Answer 6

1. high population density
2. found over a large area
3. generalized niche
4. high reproductive rates

Question 7

genetic diversity (5)

Answer 7

1. mutations
2. migration
3. sexual reproduction
4. population size
5. selective breeding

Question 8

species diversity (4)

Answer 8

1. geological and evolutionary history
2. migration
3. size of area
4. human activity

Question 9

ecosystem diversity

Answer 9

measure of the # of different kinds of ecosystems in a particular area

Question 10

biological and ecosystem services (5)

Answer 10

1. nutrient cycling
2. water regulation and supply
3. food and raw materials
4. pollination
5. soil formation

Question 11

direct economic valves (3)

Answer 11

1. agriculture
2. fisheries
3. forestry

Question 12

threats to biodiversity (6)

Answer 12

1. habitat loss in terrestrial ecosystems
2. habitat loss in aquatic ecosystems
3. overexploitation
4. intro. of exotic (non-native) species
5. control of predator and pest organisms
6. climate change

Question 13

habitat loss in terrestrial systems (3)

Answer 13

1. conversion to agriculture
2. forestry
3. conversion to urban and industrial use

Question 14

habitat loss in aquatic ecosystems (3)

Answer 14

1. channelizing rivers
2. construction of dams
3. withdrawal of water

Question 15

overexploitation (3)

Answer 15

1. overfishing
2. aquaculture - fish farming (similar to agriculture)
3. unsustainable harvests of wildlife and plants

Question 16

intro. of exotic (non-native) species (3)

Answer 16

1. ex: gypsy moths
2. may either kill or compete with native species
3. can have large-scale impacts on ecosystems

Question 17

control of predator and pest organisms (2)

Answer 17

1. elimination of large predators

2. elimination of some pests and pathogens

Question 18

climate change

Answer 18

amphibians, corals, and arctic species are particularly vulnerable

Question 19

legal aspects (5)

Answer 19

1. convention on biological diversity (cbd)
2. u.s. endangered species act (1973)
3. CITES
4. sustainable management of wildlife populations
5. sustainable management of fish populations

Question 20

u.s. endangered species act (3)

Answer 20

1. designates endangered and threatened species
2. gov agencies must use w/e means necessary to preserve these species
3. biased toward large, easy to identify organisms

Question 21

sustainable management of wildlife populations (3)

Answer 21

1. habitat analysis and management
2. population assessment and management
3. establishment of refuges

Question 22

sustainable management of fish populations

Answer 22

need for international agreement on limits for the harvest of fish