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Rad Pro 2 > Ch. 9 Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Ch. 9 Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the central axis of the skeleton?

A

vertebral column; or spine

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2
Q

Where is the vertebral column centered?

A

The midsagittal plane (MSP) of the posterior part of the trunk

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2
Q

List 4 functions of the vertebral column:

A
  • Encloses and protects the spinal cord
  • Acts as a support for the trunk
  • Supports the skull superiorly
  • Provides for attachment to the deep muscles of the back and the ribs laterally
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3
Q

The vertebral column articulates with each ___ at the sacroiliac joints.
This articulation supports the vertebral column and transmits the weight of the trunk through the hip joints to the lower limbs.

A

Hip Bone

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4
Q

The vertebral column is composed of small segments of bone called ____.
Disks of fibrocartilage are interposed between the vertebrae and act as cushions.

A

Vertebrae

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5
Q

How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?

A

33

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6
Q

What are the most superior vertebrae called?
How many are there?

A

Seven superior-most vertebrae occupy the region of the neck and are termed Cervical Vertebrae

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7
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12, lying in the dorsal, or posterior portion of the thorax

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8
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

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9
Q

The upper three regions remain distinct throughout life and are termed:

True or moveable or false or fixed ribs?

A

True or moveable

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10
Q

The pelvic segments in the two lower regions are termed:

True or moveable or False or fixed ribs?

A

False or fixed because of the change they undergo in adults

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11
Q

Viewed from the side, the vertebral column has four curves that arch ____ and ____ from the ___ plane of the body.

A
  • Anteriorly
  • Posteriorly
  • Midcoronal
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12
Q

The cervical and lumbar curves, which are convex anteriorly, are called _____ curves.

A

Lordotic Curves

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13
Q

The thoracic and pelvic curves are concave anteriorly and are called ___ curves.

A

Kyphotic Curves

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14
Q

What curves are considered secondary? (develop after birth)

A

Cervical and Lumbar Curves

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15
Q

What curves are considered primary? (present at birth)

A

Thoracic and Pelvic Curves

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16
Q

When does the cervical curve develop?

A

When the infant starts to hold their head up, about 3-4 months

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17
Q

When does the lumbar curve develop?

A

When the child begins to walk, about 1 to 1 1/2 years of age

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18
Q

An abnormal increase in the anterior concavity of the thoracic curve is called?

A

Kyphosis

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19
Q

An anormal convexity of the cervical and lumbar curve is called?

A

Lordosis

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20
Q

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called?

A

Scoliosis

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21
Q

A typical vertebra, is composed of what two main parts?

A

Anterior mass called the body and a posterior ringlike portion called the vertebral arch

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22
Q

The vertebral body and arch enclose a space called?

A

Vertebral foramen

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23
Q

What forms the vertebral canal?

A

vertebral foramina

24
Q

What separates the vertebral bodies?

A

Intervertebral disks

25
Q

What forms the vertebral arch?

A

2 pedicles and 2 laminae

26
Q

What projects laterally and slightly posteriorly form the junction of the lamina?

A

Transverse process

27
Q

What vertebra is a ring-like structure with no body and a very short spinous process?

A

Atlas - C1

27
Q

What projects posteriorly and inferiorly from the junction of the lamina?

A

Spinous process

28
Q

What vertebra has a strong conical process arising from its upper surface?

A

Axis - C2

29
Q

What vertebra has a long prominent process that projects almost horizontally to the posterior?

A

C7 - vertebral prominins

30
Q

What type of vertebrae have small, transversely located, oblong bodies with slightly elongated antero-inferior borders?

A

Typical cervical vertebrae

31
Q

What projection of the c-spine will show the IVF (intervertebral foramen)?

A

Oblique

32
Q

What projection of the T-Spine will show the IVF (intervertebral foramen)?

A

Lateral

33
Q

What projection of the c-spine will show zygapophyseal joints?

A

Lateral

34
Q

For an AP open-mouth projection, how do you adjust the head?

A

Aligned from the lower edge of the incisors to the tip of the mastoid process is perpendicular to the IR

35
Q

How will having the patient phonate “ah” during the exposure place the tongue

A

The floor of the mouth

36
Q

Where is the CR for an AP open-mouth projection?

A

Perpendicular to IR and entering at midpoint of open mouth

37
Q

How do you know when the position for an AP open-mouth cannot be improved?

A

When the upper central incisors and the base of the skull are in line with those of the tups of the mastoid processes

38
Q
A
39
Q

For an AP axial projection of the c-spine, how do you position the patient?

A

Extend the chin so the occlusal plane is perpendicular to the tabletop so that the mandible is out of the way of the base of the skull

40
Q

Where do you center the IR for an AP axial c-spine?

A

C4 at an angle of 15-20 degrees cephalad

41
Q

Why do we angle the CR for an AP axial projection?

A

It opens the intervertebral disk spaces

42
Q
A
43
Q

What is the method name for a lateral c-spine?

A

Grandy Method

44
Q

How do you position the patient for a lateral c-spine?

A

Standing, with the shoulder against IR and the long axis parallel to the IR
Adjust until IR is centered at the level of C4

45
Q

Where will the top of the film be for a lateral c-spine?

A

1 inch above the external acoustic meatus (EAM)

46
Q

Where is the CR for a lateral c-spine

A

Perpendicular to C4

47
Q

For an AP axial oblique projection of the c-spine, how do you position the patient’s body?

A

Facing away from the IR at a 45-degree angle
The C spine should be aligned at the midline of the IR

48
Q

What does elevating or protruding the chin prevent?

A

It prevents the mandible from overlapping the spine

49
Q

Where is the CR for an AP axial oblique of the c-spine?

A

At C4 with a 15-20 cephalad angle

50
Q

What is shown on an AP axial oblique projection of the c-spine

A

IVF and pedicles farthest from the IR, as well as an oblique projection of the cervical vertebrae

51
Q

What are some eval criteria for an AP axial oblique projection of the c-spine?

A
52
Q
A
53
Q
A
54
Q
A
55
Q
A
56
Q
A

Rad Pro 2 (8 decks)

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