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HOT > Ch. 9 Ventilation > Flashcards

Ch. 9 Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

Two main reasons for performing ventilation

A

Venting for fire

Venting for life

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2
Q

4 problems with thinking ventilation isn’t as important because of SCBA’s

A

Ignores victims inside
Assumes FF’s mask will always protect
Buildup of heat
Buildings are made tighter (backdraft)

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3
Q

Distinguishing between Vent for Life and Vent for Fire, KEY FACTOR IS:

A

Timing of ventilation
Life = as soon as possible
Fire = delayed until resources in place to attack

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4
Q

Most important concept when discussing ventilation:

A

Must be of sufficient volume to WIN!

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5
Q

Break window vs opening

A

Can stand up, open
Window stuck and not lot of heat/smoke, find another means
Driven back by heat, break WHEN HOSELINE IS CHARGED

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6
Q

Difficulties with double glazed Windows

A

Can’t blow out with hoseline

Inability to clear horizontal sash (more dangerous)

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7
Q

After placement of attack and interior search, this is most crucial: (Chapter 9, Vent)

A

Outside Vent team

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8
Q

Horizontal vent faster and easier to perform than vertical?

A

Takes advantage of existing openings

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9
Q

Venting using fog: several factors determine how much air and smoke moved (3)

A

Volume
Velocity = pattern + pressure. 30 degree range of fog
Geometry of opening (6-8 ft back)

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10
Q

Fans not covering opening correctly (exhaust devices - sucking smoke)

A

Churning - pulls air from outside, to inside and back out - LIMITS EFFICIENCY

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11
Q

2 most common vertical arteries/avenues

A

Staircase

Pipe chase

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12
Q

2 types of old-style roofs

A

Standard flat roof: roof joist at roof level, roof boards nailed to joists
Inverted roof: roof boards nailed to framework of 2x4’s several feet above main roof joists

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13
Q

Style of roof that has been dominant in the flat roof industry in the last 20 years, at least in the East and Midwest:

A

Metal deck roof

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14
Q

Dimensions for flat roofs (standard flat roof)

A

2 x 10’s or 3 x 12’s beams
16 in apart (carry same load as floors)
Limited to 20 ft span between supports, masonry wall or steel I-beam
Decking is 1 x 6’s

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15
Q

Characteristics of older flat roof (old-style)

A 
20-30 years lifespan
3-4 in of tar paper
VERY substantial roof
Relatively safe to work (even over heavy body of fire)
Catastrophic roof failure NOT A CONCERN
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16
Q

Working fire on top floor of any large-area flat-roof requires:

A

At least 4 members with:
2 power saws, (2) 6 or 8 ft hooks (10 ft for large bldg, cockloft may be 5 ft), halligan, axe, portable radio-preferably officer experienced in ventilation

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17
Q

2 things done immediately upon reaching the roof:

Vent

A

Vent any vertical shafts (bulkhead doors or skylights)
Simultaneously, member can lean over parapet and vent top-floor windows in the fire area with hook or halligan tool clipped to short rope

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18
Q

Simplest, fastest examination hole: 1/4 in. by 10 in.

A

Kerf

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19
Q

Size of triangular opening for inspection

A

8-10 in triangle

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20
Q

First concern after choosing the proper site for venting roof:

A

Means of escape

Always have 2 ways off the roof

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21
Q

Second concern after choosing proper site for venting roof:

A

Wind direction-may be first if wind blows smoke/fire and cuts off retreat

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22
Q

When sounding roof, striking with an axe and tool has slight bounce means:

A

In between joists

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23
Q

Cut close to inside of joists: (2 reasons)

A

Large an opening as possible

Fewer nails to pull against

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24
Q

Roof hole subdivided into what size:

A

4 ft x 4 ft max

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25
A spongy feel on an inverted roof means:
Normal for inverted roof | NOT a sign of impending failure
26
Spacing on uprights - inverted roof
Post 2 ft on center Rows 4 ft on center (P2R4 alphabetical)
27
Dangers of rain roof (3)
Added weight Delay or prevent ventilation Multiple voids
28
Insulspan is made of ______ and dimensions are ______.
Styrofoam sandwiched between OSB. | 8 ft widths, up to 24 ft lengths
29
Insulspan difficulties (2)
Styrofoam = highly combustible and toxic smoke/intense flame | As much as 8 1/2 in. thick, circular 4 in. cut, chain saw 9 in. but chain guard doesn't readily allow deep cut
30
H-typed bldgs or H or E or O shaped Primary factor in all of these is: Fairly narrow connecting section called:
Common cockloft | Throat
31
Cutting trench ventilation hole; operation not started until:
Main vent hole has been completed EXCEPTION: Large dept with 4 or more saws-2 for trench, 2 for main vent hole
32
Distance trench must be from main vent hole:
20-25 ft
33
Ch. 9 Ventilation | Most likely direction of fire travel is usually downwind side but if little/no wind, __________ may come into play.
Pitch of roof. Travel of fire from low points to high points
34
2 steps in making roof cut | Trench
Choose location for trench | Inspection holes; on FIRE side, 5-6 ft from intended edge of trench
35
Inspection holes 2 purposes
Fire DIDN'T PASS trench area yet | Indicators of WHEN TO PULL trench
36
Trench: Hose lines on positioned on roof AND top floor. What size and what intervals/distance?
TOP FLOOR-One 1 3/4 in. per room | ROOF-One for every 15-20 ft trench
37
Bldg types suited and not suited for trench cuts:
Suited: H-type bldg (O and E as well). Narrow, garden-type apartment complexes NOT Suited: Supermarkets, Taxpayers, (Better suited multiple large vent holes/hose lines
38
Greatest danger to firefighters engaged in roof ventilation is:
Fellow firefighter | Victim almost always someone OTHER THAN saw operator
39
Most important act on the roof: | Saw
Stop the saw from spinning whenever it is raised from the roof SAW OPERATORS hold GREATEST RESPONSIBILITY for injury if they fail to stop saw from spinning
40
Way to stop danger of spinning blade:
Train FFs to never allow spinning blade MORE THAN 6 in. above roof
41
Hazard to firefighters isn't just from saw but:
Own movement as well
42
Metal deck roofs are dangerous to operate on over a fire, especially with:
Concentrated load of air conditioners | [Fail with as little as 5 min fire exposure]
43
Even if you elect to not cut a particular roof:
Someone needs to be sent VERY EARLY at structures LARGER THAN PRIVATE DWELLINGS
44
Critical items for roof team to report to IC
setbacks or extensions from rear or side not visible from street
45
Venting using a fog or spray stream is:
One of the EARLIEST AND SIMPLEST means of mechanical ventilation By far the LEAST DEMANDING in terms of personnel
46
The danger of fanning into life an otherwise smoldering fire is a problem with __________.
ALL types of mechanical ventilation, since air much larger than natural.
47
Drawbacks of using a hose stream to vent (3)
Minor fires where water damage is a concern Poor water supply Below-freezing temperatures
48
_____, ______, ______, and ______ suffer NONE of the drawbacks of the hoseline except forced draft over smoldering embers. (Mechanical vent)
Smoke ejectors Blowers Exhaust fans Other portable devices
49
Special considerations for trench (3)
Must be close enough to fire to limit unnecessary extension but far enough away to complete cut/push ceiling. Take advantage of bldg contr. and cut at narrowest point. Estimate likely path and area of greatest value.
50
Cutting trench (4 steps)
Locating trench Inspection holes Cutting trench Pulling trench
51
Trench cut | 2 parallel cuts about _______ apart
3 feet | Narrower and fire may jump past it
52
When dividing up trench...
Cut close to outer walls as possible and the towards center | Divides into 3-4 ft sections
53
When cutting trench, personnel on fire side must have _____ off the roof, not counting _______.
2 ways | Jumping the trench
54
A trench cut is not an _____________ but rather a ____________.
Offensive ventilation hole | Defensive, home-built fire stop
55
Never ventilate where _______.
You will create an exposure problem
56
FF's probe roof in front of them with tool. Saw operator should:
Roll saw in front of them and gingerly test each footing before stepping
57
Another concern for all members, not just roof team, is _______________ an increasingly common situation as crime rate goes up. Consists of _____________.
Steel plating added to roofs for security | 4 x 8 sheets of steel, 1/8 to 1/4 in. thick, laid entire surface
58
If you elect to not cut a particular roof, someone needs to be __________ at structures ____________ to act as ________.
Sent very early to this location Larger than private dwellings Eyes and ears of IC
59
Basic tenet for interior firefighters search for a life hazard is ___________________.
Vent as you move, provided the fire won't be EXTENDED by the venting *exactly OPPOSITE to make PPV work*
60
Single vent pipe from pipe chase extends through the roof
Soil pipe
61
To attack fire within building voids, the answer is __________.
Total ventilation | All windows and horizontal openings, as well as roof vent
62
__________ offers firefighters a great opportunity to channel the products of combustion where we want them to go.
Mechanical ventilation
63
Should be a primary tactic at most low-rise, nonfireproof multiple dwellings
Vertical ventilation
64
Horizontal ventilation for a life hazard must be coupled with _____________. Either ___________ OR _____________.
Immediate rescue effort Member must enter and remove victim OR Hoseline must be brought in to protect the victim where he/she is trapped.
65
Problems with exhaust devices (sucking smoke) (3)
Fans never fit an opening so makeshift method to block off openings around the side (churning) Debris and other objects drawn against the intake screen Location of negative pressure fan, hanging in or near doorways
66
Advantages of Positive vs negative pressure (3)
Efficiency Don't clutter access routes Ready ability to remove flammable vapors safely
67
Sequence of cuts needed to produce an 8 x 8 ft opening must be _________________.
Logically planned so that members making the LATER parts of the hole won't be downwind of earlier segments

HOT (22 decks)

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