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HOT > Ch. 22 Terrorism and Homeland Security > Flashcards

Ch. 22 Terrorism and Homeland Security Flashcards

1
Q

Secondary devices:

A
  • Placed around perimeter

- aimed at COMMAND POST personnel

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2
Q

WMD’s:

A
  • chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosive (CBRNE weapons) by terrorists
  • may not leave any visible evidence of their presence
  • yet kill anyone who comes in contact
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3
Q

6 types of incidents for suspicion and extra awareness

A

Recognizable LANDMARK or bldg
Response to CROWDED public location
REPORTS of persons OVERCOME by fumes or chemical odor
TWO or more people unconscious
Any bldg where EXPLOSION has occurred
Response where threat or other intelligence indicates a MOTIVE

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4
Q

Biological weapons: death rate after exposure to SOME of these agents is:

A

Nearly 100%

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5
Q

Bacteria agents

A
  • anthrax
  • bubonic plague
  • tularemia
  • brucellosis
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6
Q

Toxins

A
  • botulism
  • ricin
  • staph enterotoxin B (SEB)
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7
Q

Dirty bomb: while it leaves no visible of contamination, ______ with debris, particularly through ________, is deadly.

A

Contact

Inhalation

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8
Q

Threat of explosion of multimegaton nuclear bomb as ________. Formulation of such devices is _______ to accomplish.

A

Unlikely event

Extremely difficult

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9
Q

______________ are still terrorists main weapon of choice. Terrorists tend to deal with methods they are _________________.

A

High-order explosives

Reasonably certain will succeed

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10
Q

Terrorists don’t like to risk ______ or ______

A

Failure

Detection

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11
Q

Fire department is only government agency that:

A

Routinely conducts inspections of existing structures

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12
Q

Effect of terrorist blast has potential to cause __________ than same size explosion caused by natural gas or other accidental causes.

A

Far greater harm to rescuers

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13
Q

At any explosion, immediate priorities are _____ and _____ that threatens further loss of life.

A

Lifesaving

Control of imminent hazards such as fire or secondary collapse

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14
Q

Laboratory equipment

A
  • beakers/other glass ware
  • ice baths
  • Petri dishes
  • distillation equipment
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15
Q

Factors that put our cities in the terrorist bullseye

A
  • large concentration of people
  • immediate, worldwide media coverage likely
  • large diverse community for the terrorist to blend into anonymity
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15
Q

Bombings-
In conjunction with these rescue-related activities, a _____________________ is vital, since a bombing creates additional problems for responders who are not present at accidental explosions.

A

Rapid preliminary examination for the likely cause of the event

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16
Q

Bombing creates additional problems for responders

A

Threat of secondary device
Potential for WMD involvement
Crime scene considerations

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17
Q

One of most important tasks undertaken at bombing is to _______ as well as ______________.

A

Disperse crowds

Avoid concentrations of responders that might be target of secondary/suicide attacker

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18
Q

Most bombings are _______ bombs. Consist of a relatively _______ amount of _______ wrapped in ____________.

A

Antipersonnel
Small
explosives
Large amounts of shrapnel

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19
Q

Antipersonnel bombings: _____ and ______ cause most of injuries.

A

Shrapnel.

Flying glass

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20
Q

_____ are vulnerable and ______ can be augmented to cause fire with ___________

A

Vehicle fuel tanks
Bombs
Propane cylinders

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21
Q

This type of bombing is a serious threat for loss of life.

A

Bus and other mass transit facilities

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22
Q

If bomber can penetrate into a crowded, enclosed area, casualties can be _______ but even in ______ there are often survivors.

A

Very high.

Severe bombings

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23
Q

Extrication need for bus bombings and trains

MCIs for trauma/burns

A
  • Bus bombings - not normally required OR is not difficult
  • Train - advanced extrication will likely be required if blast results in derailment (lead car, speeding train, tunnel-greater effect)
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24
Q

Request _____ to establish safe corridor for the entry of rescuers.

A

Bomb squad or EMERGENCY ordnance disposal (not “explosive”)
(Law enforcement = “safe corridor”)
Fire IC MUST request site security from law enforcement

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25
Q

While responding, watch for ________ for causes and the nature of the event.

A

Clues in the debris

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26
Q

Primary consideration when positioning apparatus (especially if it has been confirmed event is in fact a bombing)

A

Position apparatus so that they can be driven forward out of any DANGER AREA that develops
-blocked in by civilian cars, seek shelter

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27
Q

First unit to _____________ must notify the department wide command structure

A

Identify an explosion as a likely bomb attack

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28
Q

Bombing-Position apparatus according to:

A

Collapse rescue plan

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29
Q

_____ should be positioned for RESCUE as needed. If not needed, position them ________.

__________ should be specially called as needed to COVER collapse areas but must be located _____.

A

Aerial ladders, out of the way

Elevating platforms, out of secondary collapse zone

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30
Q

_______ agents that have onset of symptoms delayed as much as _________

A

Blister.

4-48 hrs

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31
Q

If you do not have enough people to cover the meter assignments, ___________ will have to wait.

A

The injured

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32
Q

If you discover a bomb/explosive device:

A
  • don’t disturb anything.
  • don’t use radio, handle talkie or cell phone.
  • evacuate the area for at least 300 ft in all directions.
  • notify law enforcement
  • *DON’T GO BACK IN TO SHOW WHERE IT IS**
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33
Q

________ is essential to ensuring open access to the scene.

A

Early establishment of secure remote staging area.

-request LE send resources to secure staging area

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34
Q

______ and _______ of the CP is vital to organizing the proper coordination of ___________.

A

Early establishment, clear identification.

OUTSIDE resources

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35
Q

Use ______ to limit rescuers’ exposure

A

Kick triage.

“Moan, cough or call out”

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36
Q

With triage, priority is to quickly _______, _______, and ______ those that can survive.

A

Locate, remove and treat

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37
Q

______ monitors status of triage efforts, providing estimates on number and condition of patients to be treated, and coordinating movement to medical care at appropriate treatment area.

A

Triage UNIT leader

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38
Q

______ coordinates activities within treatment area and request sufficient personnel and supplies to handle casualties in the four treatment categories.
- Must ALSO coordinate with Patient Group Supervisor to ensure that patients do not leave treatment areas UNTIL there is sufficient transportation available to move them.

A

Treatment UNIT leader

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39
Q

Be designated to ensure that sufficient transportation resources are available and to avoid overloading the nearest hospitals with patients. Also ensure proper tracking and recording of patients is performed.

A

Transportation GROUP Supervisor (only “Group” out of TTT)

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40
Q

Four treatment categories:

A

Red - immediate treatment.
Yellow - delaYed treatment.
GreeN - miNor treatment.
Black - deceased

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41
Q

If structure is affected, all handlines should be _____.

Attack vehicle fires with _____ handlines _______.

A
  • 2 1/2 in.

- 1 3/4 in., from a distance (foam if possible)

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42
Q

This must be done before attacking any STRICTLY OUTSIDE fires.

A

Have LE personnel secure the area

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43
Q

If you must move a body, try to _______ as many details as possible about location, description, position, and so on.

A

Memorize

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44
Q

If a bomb has caused no fire and little blast damage, suspect that it was used to disperse a _________ agent!

A

Biological

45
Q

Most ______ attacks are covert in nature.

A

Biological

46
Q

The ___________ is the minimum distance to evacuate.

Just the blast pressure can kill anyone inside the ________ without being struck by shrapnel.

A

Lethal AIR BLAST range

47
Q

Evacuation should follow the _________ but that may be impractical. Some are ________.

A

Yellow guides?

A mile radius

48
Q

Large building across the street will ___ and ______ the blast effect.

A

Reflect, amplify

49
Q

Until area designated as safe from secondary devices, avoid ___, _____ or ____ suspicious items

A

Touching.
Moving.
Striking.

50
Q

______ leaving the incident site should be treated as ______ _______. They should all be searched for ______ or ______ before being loaded into ambulance or being brought to casualty collection points.

A

All persons.
Potential perpetrators.
Weapons or explosives.

51
Q

_____________ also known as dirty bombs, use conventional explosives to disperse dangerous, but NOT FISSIONABLE, radioactive material.

A

Radiation Dispersal Devices (RDD’s)

52
Q

In event of a bomb blast containing radioactive material, the main threat is ____________ - trauma and burns - caused by explosive, NOT ___________.

A

Physical damage.

Radioactivity

53
Q

Treatment of life-threatening injuries ___________ simply because the patient is contaminated with radioactive material. There is _________ to rescuers who do not inhale the radioactive materials. ______ then ______.

A

Should not be DELAYED.
Little danger.
Treat THEN wash decon them

54
Q

One of the most important steps taken to REDUCE the spread of contamination

A

Extinguishing any fire that sends plumes of contaminated smoke skyward.
if possible, fog spray from master stream or elevating platform

55
Q

Covert disposal can be accomplished by dispersing _____ or ______ radioactive materials by a variety of mechanisms. Examples:

A

Powdered or liquid.

  • HVAC systems.
  • public spaces such as subways.
  • leaving materials hidden in areas where public congregate
  • REDs in HM*
56
Q

Symptoms of radiation sickness may not appear for:

A

Hours or days

-only those directly exposed are in danger

57
Q

Radioactive materials: main hazard is ____

A

Contamination

58
Q

Key to safe firefighting operations (radiological) is:

A
  • avoid breathing contaminated material.

- monitor your exposure with dosimeter

59
Q

Leave for decon when your dose approaches _____, maximum under emergency conditions.

A

25 roentgens (R)

60
Q

Examples of shielding

A

Mask - lungs.
Gear - skin.
Building - body

61
Q

Establish perimeter of cold zone at:

A

1 m/R (milliroentgen, or 1/1,000 roentgen

-point at which first responders radiation detectors begin to sound alarm

62
Q

In the hot zone, make sure you search _______. Walking directly toward a source could be _________. Wear ______ and make sure it is displaying the _______, not just the _____.

A

In a circular pattern.
Disastrous.
Dosimeter, total absorbed dose, not just the rate

63
Q

Contamination hazards could lead to following radiation hazards:

A
  • psychological impact.
  • chemical poisoning.
  • short-term effects, radiation burns, radiation poisoning.
  • leukemia, other cancer, bone destruction, birth defects
64
Q

Threat of ________ is perhaps most likely WMD attack Americans might face

A

Chemical attack.

  • military agent such as sarin.
  • intentional release of toxic industrial chemical, such as chlorine (CL) or hydrogen cyanide (AC).
65
Q

As approaching area, only ______ should approach the immediate location.

A

First-due engine and ladder

66
Q

________ is a nearly perfect means of spreading most chemical and biological agents.

A

Atomized mist

67
Q

Be particularly weary when going ________, since most chemical weapons are __________ air.

A

Below grade.

Heavier than air

68
Q

Bunker gear and SCBA will protect rescuer for _______, if rescuer has entered area where there are _________.

A
  • Limited time
  • Still live victims

fully protected rescuer - able to provide rescue for UP TO 30 min. if deconned PROMPTLY after exiting

69
Q

Dispersal device still dispersing agent when FD arrive, ___________. They shall immediately ________.

A

Make NO ATTEMPT to stop it.

Retreat and begin decon

70
Q

First 3 Chiefs assigned to WMD/terrorism event are:

A

IC.
Forward Ops.
Decon.

71
Q

Best protection is:

A

Avoid contact with with any suspected agents

72
Q

First priority of backup team is:

A

-Safety of initial survey team, INCLUDING initial team is deconned before they take off SCBA and bunker gear.

73
Q

Deciding initiate rescue or defensive operation, IC must determine _______. IC should review guidelines by SBCCOM in its ___________.

A

Specific hazards.

Improvised Response Program (IRP)

74
Q

Unconscious or no ambulatory victims are discovered OR if unidentifiable pools of liquid or vapor are encountered, define that area as:

A

Exclusion zone

75
Q

_______ are part of our Homeland Security effort

A

All Americans

76
Q

We have a role that these agencies are unable to fill: __________________

A

We go right into people’s homes and businesses all the time

77
Q

Is the only government agency that routinely conducts inspections of existing structures

A

Fire department

78
Q

Precursor chemicals

A 
Fertilizer containing ammonium nitrate.
Acetone.
Diesel fuel.
Peroxides.
Cyanides (sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide).
Acids
79
Q

Improvised ventilation equipment

A

Enclosed fume hoods.
Glove boxes.
Exhaust fans temporarily located near sinks, stoves, etc.

80
Q

WMDs.
Firefighters have __________ of protecting themselves against SOME of these weapons. The key is to ________ and _________. ______ saves lives.

A

Some means

Recognize their presence and take the proper precautions

Suspicion

81
Q

________ are generally fast acting and will likely produce a very visible display of their effects. The agent could be a dispersal of a _________ like the nerve agents or it could be a ____________ that is shipped through your city, such as chlorine or hydrogen cyanide.

A

Chemical agents.
Military agent.
Highly toxic industrial chemical

82
Q

Transition from first arriving officer as IC to law enforcement/federal authorities when?

A

As soon as lifesaving efforts have concluded

83
Q

Rescue and removal of all persons involved in the incident has been accomplished and all immediate life-threatening hazards are mitigated, the scene should be secured and __________________.

A

All fire personnel withdrawn pending direction from LE/Feds.

84
Q

Bombings-Two objectives of fire department

A

Protect safety of public and emergency responders.

Preservation, gathering, and documentation of evidence

85
Q

If you don’t have enough people to cover the meter assignments, ______________.

A

The injured will have to wait until you cover these crucial metering assignments

86
Q

If you discover a bomb or device, immediately evacuate the area _______________.

A

For at least 300 ft in all directions

87
Q

If you find a device: (4)

A

Warn everyone around you of device.
Inform not to transmit on handle talkie/cell phones.
Report device to IC and the POLICE.
DO NOT go back in to show anyone where it is

88
Q

One of the things that fire department planners and emergency managers have to consider is the possibility of a detonation of a __________________.

A

Crude nuclear device

89
Q

Kick triage:
Gentle nudge-
More aggressive nudge-

A
  • may be savable

- fails to cough, moan:don’t have time

90
Q

Destruction of ______, _____, and _____, which is usually NOT see in gas explosions.

A

Concrete floor slabs
Columns
Girders

91
Q

Cartridges for APRs are intended to protect the wearer against inhaling and swallowing radioactive particles if they are ________.

A

P-100 cartridges

92
Q

Chemical attack-

First sign of attack will usually be ___________.

A

Biological indicators

93
Q

IC can initiate one of following two modes:

A

Rescue-living victims seen/heard.

Defensive-NO live victims seen or heard

94
Q

Noxious/Kick Triage (rescuers wearing CPC)-
Patient responds to ____ then chances _______
Voice, gentle touch:
Painful stimulus:
No painful stimulus:

A
  • Probably still viable
  • availability of treatment determines survival
  • likely to die
95
Q

Walking well:
Exhibiting no signs or symptoms of exposure but who are requesting treatment _________.
Likely to be _____________.

A

Because of fear.

Many times the number of persons ACTUALLY affected

96
Q

Ladder companies assignment if large crowds, persons in panic, and obviously injured people:

A

Facilitate evacuation, attempt to enlarge exit access by forcing/removing gates

97
Q

Chief must be trained and equipped to operate in CPC and will control and coordinate operations inside the hot zone upon her arrival.

A

Forward Operations Officer

98
Q

Officers who observe victims displaying the signs and symptoms should transmit “__________” via handie talkie.

A

Mayday-gas attack

99
Q

Bunker gear will protect the wearer for a maximum of ____ in a LETHAL concentration.

A

3 minutes

100
Q

Once initial size-up is completed, the survey team should withdraw to a safe area and undergo ___________.

A

Emergency gross decon

101
Q

Before initial survey team enters, a ______ and _____ must be in place.

A

Backup team and decon team

102
Q

They shall act as the air and communications monitor for their members, writing down what time the members go on air and making sure that they return to begin the decon process before their low-air alarm operates.

A

Decon team

103
Q

With 45 minute bottle, you can allow ______ for operations and ___ for decon. With 30 minute bottle, you can allow ___ time frame for operations and __ for decon.

A

20 ops, 5 decon.

10 ops, 5 decon

104
Q

Proceed as though every explosion were the result of ___________________.

A

Bombing until other causes are determined

105
Q

First engine gross decon

A

Master stream.
Fog on a discharge (reduce drains on personnel).
Hand line with a fog (add’l coverage)

106
Q

Factors that make rescue practical:

A 
10 minutes or more since release.
Self evacuation.
Living victims/victims calling for help.
Survivors indicate other living victims.
CPC RIT immediately available.
No Mustard
107
Q

Factors that make rescue NOT practical:

A

Self evac has ended.
No living victims seen/heard.
Mustard present

108
Q

Factors for defensive operation:

A

Second or secondary attacks.

Uniformed personnel have become casualties

109
Q

Characteristics of defensive operations

A

Decision already made by chemical.
We DO NOT begin operations in a defensive manner.
Limited resources/no units with training/equipment needed

110
Q

Unconscious/Nonambulatory victims

Unidentified pools of liquid/vapor

A

Exclusion zone

111
Q

Dirty bomb will cause more ____ to population than ___.

A

Psychological injury

Physical injury from radiation

HOT (22 decks)

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