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HOT > Ch. 16 Store Fires - Taxpayers and Strip Malls > Flashcards

Ch. 16 Store Fires - Taxpayers and Strip Malls Flashcards

1
Q

______ are usually located over larger single-tenant occupancies, which may appear to be part of a row of adjoining stores.

A

Bowstring truss roofs

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2
Q

Steel-bar joists are spaced __________ apart, in contrast to wooden bowstring trusses, which are ________ apart.

A

2-6 ft

20 ft

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3
Q

Key factor that allows us to operate within a strip mall with bar-joist roof is:

A

Steel can be protected against failure by applying a hose stream

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4
Q

Begin attack on fire store with:

A

2 1/2 in. line

75-80 ft of reach

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5
Q

What size attack lines into exposed stores on either side and begin sweeping cockloft?

A

1 3/4 in.

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6
Q

2 general classes of taxpayers

A

New style

Old style

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7
Q

Where do we vent on a bar-joist roof?

A

Can not cut directly over fire; back away 60 ft or width of 3 average stores from the SAGGING JOISTS to area where hose streams are cooling steel

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8
Q

Heavy fire in metal roof vs wood

A

Metal = coordinated attack, cooling steel

Wood truss = evacuate (inside and roof)

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9
Q

Size of area when 2 or 3 bar joists fail

A

10 or 15 ft wide, up to 60 ft long

as opposed to gap 40 ft by 100 or more by single bowstring truss

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10
Q

Commercial buildings differ from residential in several ways that affect crews of FIRST-ALARM engine and ladder companies:

A

Larger, undivided areas
Fire loading per sq. ft. is heavier
So different tactics!!!

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11
Q

Typical store in taxpayer is: (size)

A

20 ft wide
75-100 ft deep
10-15 ft ceiling height

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12
Q

(Commercial) One of most beneficial places to spot the pumper is:
This permits:

A

IN LINE WITH and ACROSS THE STREET from fire store

Use of preconnected master stream or deck gun

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13
Q

To accomplish task of preventing extension and collapse, the key is:

A

Coordination

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14
Q

Cousin of lightweight truss roof?

A

Plywood I-beam

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15
Q

Wood-truss roofs behave different than metal roofs. Difference is:

A

Size and speed of collapse

steel sags and wood trusses snap

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16
Q

One of highest priorities for engine company operations in residential occupancies:

A

Speed (placing hoseline)

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17
Q

Priority for commercial buildings - Each engine should:

A

connect to serviceable hydrant

{little need for speed}

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18
Q

Advantage of using one or two lengths of large-diameter hose by first arriving engine versus direct hydrant connection:

A

allows flexibility in positioning the apparatus

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19
Q

3 advantages of 2 1/2 over smaller lines

A

Volume and reach.
Personnel efficiency.
Power of stream

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20
Q

Forcible entry difficulties at taxpayer fires are usually greatest:

A

At the rear.

-at least 1 ladder company should be assigned to rear of all SERIOUS taxpayer fires

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21
Q

Doors almost always open:

Types of locks:

A

Outward.
Often fox locks and drop-in bars (bolt heads penetrating door).
-may be faster/less damaging breach hole in cement-block wall

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22
Q

Fastest means of gaining entry but most of the time is NOT the best way?

A

Smashing glass in the door

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23
Q

5 signs of impending backdraft

A 
Heavy smoke.
Highly heated Windows.
No visible fire.
Smoke under pressure w/occasional puffs.
Smoke being drawn back into bldg.
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24
Q

Method of forcible entry maintains integrity of window and door glass?

A

Through-the-lock method

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25
Q

Complete burnout in cellar often because:

A
  • heavy fire loading
  • maze-like storage
  • absence of quick ventilation
  • lack of sprinkler system
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26
Q

Only chance of success for cellar fires:

A

fast, high volume attack with immediate cutting of vent holes in 1st floor - SOLID TIP, NO FOG.

27
Q

How much hose when entering a cellar?

A

Twice the depth of the store PLUS one length.

-always charged before going down cellar stairway

28
Q

If possible to advance hose deep into cellar: (2)

A

2nd 2 1/2 in. line at BASE of stairs.

Member with radio at TOP of stairs

29
Q

Order of attack for cellars (7)

A

Hand lines to basement with vent.
Not darkened down in 10 minutes, plan new strategy.
Handlines withdrawn, distributor/cellar pipe placed.
After 1-2 minutes, try to advance lines again.
High-ex as many access points as possible.
Master streams flood first floor.
Adjacent cellars to stop extension

30
Q

Terrazzo, concrete or “mud” tile floors poured on top of wooden floor joists for variety of reasons: (3)

A

Low maintenance floor surface.
To provide sound or temperature deadening.
Simplify leveling of sagging/uneven floor.

31
Q

Area to observe if concrete on wooden floor joists in apArtment bldgs:

A

BAthrooms with tile floors

32
Q

Concrete on wooden floor joist in prIvate dwellings:

A

Tile in bathrooms, kItchens and entrance foyers

33
Q

Concrete on wooden floor joist in stores:

A

Front sales areas, terrazzo or tile

34
Q

One particular occupancy where large concentrations of concrete will ALWAYS be found is in:

A

Self-service laundries.
High torque, bolted down to 12 in. concrete slab.
-properly supported on reinforced concrete pillars
-has been found entirely dependent on wood joists

35
Q

Concrete floors, most important action to take:

A

Identify masonry floor supported by wood joists or unprotected steel beams.
-best time = bldg inspections or prefire surveys

36
Q

Masonry flooring.
Fire-resistive construction -
required for buildings (height):
Indicates what type of concrete:

A

OVER 75 ft.

Reinforced

37
Q 
Masonry flooring.
If size-up indicates ordinary (class 3) or wood-frame (class 5):
A

Unreinforced masonry is likely (not concrete)

38
Q

From ground level for heavy fires in stores, sufficient number of 10 ft hooks to get ceiling down:

A

Entire DEPTH of store and at least 3 ft wide.

2 or 3 lines in each store to make your stand (1 1/2, 1 3/4, 2 in)

39
Q

If you don’t see improvement fairly soon:

A

Streams ain’t hitting body of fire OR

Exceptionally heavy body of fire, possibly flammable liquid/gas

40
Q

100 ft steel beam heated to 1,000F will expand:

A

9 1/2 in. Lengthwise.

BC 20 ft, 70->1000F = 1.4 in.

41
Q

Collapse of parapet walls provoked by:

A

Wind.

Old age

42
Q

If elevating platform basket is not making any headway:

A

Then it too must be pulled OUT of the collapse zone

43
Q

Type of construction being used in newest taxpayers involves ______.

A

Lightweight wood trusses

44
Q

Store fire load and life hazard compared to residential

A

Fire load-higher than residential.

Life hazard-lower than residential.

45
Q

_______firefighters killed per incident in commercial occupancies vs residential

A

4 times as many

46
Q

Any multi-store commercial structure described previously that is built of Class 3 ordinary construction.
Can be one or two stories.
Traditional wood roof or metal deck roof

A

Taxpayer

47
Q

Class 2 noncombustible construction.
Typically built without cellars or basements.
Often call strip malls

A

Newer style taxpayer

48
Q

Older taxpayer roofs (4)

A

Standard flat.
Inverted roof.
Metal deck on bar joists.
Bowstring truss

49
Q

Change in tactics warranted if steel plating encountered (potential backdraft)

A

Small triangular opening in gate.
Insert 2 1/2 in. fog at 15-30 degree fog (power cone).
Direct upward.
Operate for “several minutes”

50
Q

How many members with 2 1/2 in. line?

A

1-get water going.
2-able to advance.
3-can be maneuvered

51
Q

Taxpayers fires provide one of the greatest uses for ________, if used correctly.

A

Aerial platforms .

platform on sidewalk, highly mobile 1,000 gpm plus master stream

52
Q

Traditional tactics for cockloft fires

A 
Hoselines in exposed stores.
Pulling ceilings ahead of fire (skip several stores to get ahead).
Sweeping cockloft.
-6 or more personnel for ceilings
-Equal number for hoselines
53
Q

To get to cockloft on older stores may be able to ______ and newer stores may have ___________.

A

Remove advertising signs along front parapet (aerial).

All-metal overhanging soffit (circular saw from basket).

54
Q

Parapets are often _________________ with the result that once one part falls, the rest of the parapet may go with it.

A

Given a lot of lateral reinforcement

55
Q

When serious fire involves cockloft of taxpayer or is blowing out the display windows, __________________.

A

The entire sidewalk on all frontages should be considered within the collapse zone.

56
Q

Newest taxpayers involve __________.

A

Lightweight wood trusses as roof and/or floor supports

57
Q

When PERSONNEL permits, one tactic that works well is to have a ______________ follow the 2 1/2 in. lines, washing down areas the first hose missed.

A

Third medium-size (1 1/2, 1 3/4 or 2 in)

58
Q

Cockloft fires.

Following factors compound fast fire spread (3)

A

Exposing cockloft due to multiple suspended ceilings.
Potential for backdraft within ceiling space.
Difficulty locating seat of fire when smoke is showing in several stores

59
Q

To avoid pulling entire ceiling, probe with a hook until you find the roof boards. Hollow sound means ______ and solid sound means ______.

A

Hollow sound = ceiling.

Solid sound = roof

60
Q

In cases where it is impractical or physically impossible to open the ceiling, ________________.

A

Send the distributors and cellar pipes up to the roof and insert them into the cockloft from above.

61
Q

One of the key ingredients to a successful operation in using a master stream to blast through the ceilings at ground level is to ____________.

A

Maintain as high a nozzle pressure as possible through a solid tip.

62
Q

An additional consideration when dealing with I-beams is their potential to ___________.

A

Push through solid walls

63
Q

To make concrete and masonry useful for applications like floors, which result in _______ loads in the slab, requires some method of resisting such loads. In modern construction, ______, _____, and ________ are stretched within the form, then wet concrete is poured around them.

A

Tensile.

Steel rods, cables or beams

64
Q

When checking ceiling with TIC, it can’t see through the multiple hung ceilings. You’ll have to do this with a pike pole, every ______.

A

8-10 ft.

HOT (22 decks)

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