Ch 9 - Social Interaction Flashcards
What is a status?
a position in society used to classify individuals
What is the difference between an ascribed, achieved, and master status?
- ascribed: involuntarily assigned to an individual based on race, ethnicity, family background, etc.
- achieved: voluntarily earned
- master: primarily identified
What is a role?
a set of beliefs, values, and norms that define the expectations of a certain status in a social situation
What is role performance?
carrying out the behaviors of a given role
What is a role partner?
another individual who helps define a specific role within the relationship
What is a role set?
contains all the different roles associated with a status
What is the difference between a role conflict and role strains?
- conflict: occurs when one has difficulty in satisfying the requirements of multiple roles simultaneously
- strain: occurs when one has difficulty satisfying multiple requirements of the same role simultaneously
What are groups made of?
2+ individuals with similar characteristics that share a sense of unit
What is a peer group?
self selected group formed around similar interests, ages, and statuses
What is a family group?
group into which an individual is born, adopted, or married
What is the difference between in-group and out-group?
- in: one with which an individual identified
- out: one that an individual competes with or opposes
What is a reference group?
group to which an individual compares him/herself to
What is the difference between a primary and secondary group?
- primary: those that contain strong, emotional bonds
- secondary: temporary and contain fewer emotional bonds and weaker bonds overall
What is the difference between Gemeinschaft (community) and Gesellschaft (society)?
- community: group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography
- society: group unified by mutual self interest in achieving a goal
When does groupthinking occur?
when members begin to conform to one another’s views and ignore outside perspective
What is a network?
an observable pattern of social relationships between individuals or groups
What are organizations?
- bodies of people with a structure and culture designed to achieve specific goals
- exist outside of each individual’s membership within the organization
What is the difference between the basic model and social construction model for expression emotion in social situations?
- basic: stats there are universal emotions, along with corresponding expressions that can be understood across cultures
- social: states that emotions are solely based on situational context of social interactions
What are display rules?
unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotions
What is a cultural syndrome?
a shared set of beliefs, norms, values, and behaviors organized around a central theme, as if found among people sharing the same language and geography
What is impression management?
the maintenance of a public image, which is accomplished through various strategies
Self disclosure?
sharing factual information
Managing appearances?
using props, appearance, emotional expression, or associations to create a positive image
Ingratiation?
using flattery or conformity to win over someone else
Aligning actions?
use of excuses to account for questionable behavior
Alter casting?
imposing an identity onto another person
What is the dramaturgical approach?
individuals create images of themselves in the same way that actors perform a role in front of an audience
What is the difference between front and back stage?
- front: where the individual is seen by the audience and strives to preserve his desired image
- back: individual is not in front of an audience and is free to act outside of his desired image
What is the difference between verbal, nonverbal, and animal communication?
- verbal: conveyance of information through spoken, written, or signed words
- nonverbal: conveyance of information by means other than use of words (body language, prosody, facial expressions, gestures)
- animal: between humans and human-animal, use body language, rudimentary facial expressions, visual displays, scents, and vocalizations to communicate
What is a bureaucracy?
a rational system of political organizations,administration, discipline, and control
What is the iron law of oligarchy?
states that democratic or bureaucratic systems naturally shift to being ruled by an elite group
What is the system of multiple levels of observation groups (SYMLOG)?
based on the belief that there are 3 fundamental dimension of interactions:
- dominance v submission
- friendliness v unfriendliness
- instrumentally controlled v emotional expressive
What is the difference between the authentic self, ideal self, and tactical self?
- authentic: who the person actually is, both positive and negative attributes
- ideal: who we would like to be under optimal circumstances
- tactical: who we market ourselves to be when we adhere to other’s expectations of us
