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MCAT Behavioral Sciences > Ch 10 - Social Thinking > Flashcards

Ch 10 - Social Thinking Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

What is interpersonal attraction?

A

What makes people like each other and is influenced by multiple factors

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2
Q

What influences interpersonal attraction?

A

physical attractiveness, similarity, self disclosure, reciprocity, and proximity

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3
Q

What is the golden ratio?

A

physical attractiveness is increased with symmetry and proportions close to the golden ratio

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4
Q

What is self dislocure?

A

sharing fears, thoughts, and goals with another person and being met with empathy and no judgement

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5
Q

What is reciprocity?

A

when we like people who think like us

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6
Q

What is proximity?

A

being physically close to someone

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7
Q

What is agression?

A

physical, verbal, or nonverbal behavior with the intention to cause harm or increase social dominance

  • activated amygdala = increased aggression
  • prefrontal cortex can stop the activation of amygdala
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8
Q

What is attachment?

A

an emotional bond to another person, and usually refers to the bond between a child and caregiver

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9
Q

What is secure attachment?

A
  • requires a consistent caregiver so the child is able to go out and explore, knowing he or she has a secure base to return to
  • the child will show strong preference for the caregiver
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10
Q

What is avoidance attachment?

A
  • occurs when a caregiver has little or no response to a distressed, crying child
  • the child shows no preference for the caregiver compared to strangers
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11
Q

What is ambivalent attachment?

A
  • occurs when a caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress, sometimes responding appropriately, sometimes neglectful
  • the child will become distressed when caregiver leaves and ambivalent when he or she returns
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12
Q

What is disorganized attachment?

A
  • occurs when a caregiver is erratic or abusive
  • the child shows no clear pattern of behavior or response to the caregiver’s absence or presence and may show repetitive behaviors
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13
Q

What is social support?

A

the perception or reality that one is cared for by a social network

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14
Q

What is emotional support?

A

listening to, affirming, and empathizing with someone’s feelings

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15
Q

What is esteem support?

A

affirms the qualities and skills of the person

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16
Q

What is material support?

A

providing physical or monetary resources to aid a person

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17
Q

What is informational support?

A

providing useful information to a person

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18
Q

What is network support?

A

providing a sense of belonging to a person

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19
Q

What is foraging?

A

searching for and exploiting food resources

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20
Q

What is a mating system?

A

describes the way in which a group is organized in terms of sexual behavior

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21
Q

What is the difference between monogamy, polygamy, and promiscuity?

A
  • mono: exclusive mating relationships
  • poly: one member of sex having multiple exclusive relationships with members of the opposite sex; including polygyny (a male with multiple females) and polyandry (female with multiple males)
  • prom: allows a member of one sex to mate with any member of opposite sex without exclusivity
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22
Q

What is mate choice?

A
  • intersexual selection

- selection of a mate based on attraction and traits

23
Q

What is altruism?

A

a form of helping behavior in which the person’s intent is to benefit someone else at some cost to him or herself

24
Q

What is game theory?

A

attempts to explain decision making between individuals as if they are participating in a game

25
Q

What is inclusive fitness?

A
  • a measure of an organism’s success in the population
  • based on the number of offspring, success in supporting offspring, and the ability of the offspring to then support others
  • promotes the idea that altruistic behavior can improve the fitness and success of a species
26
Q

What is social perception (cognition)?

A
  • the way by which we generate impressions about people in our social environment
  • contains a perceiver (his or her target) and the situation or social context of the scenario
27
Q

What is the implicit personality theory?

A

states that people make assumptions about how different types of people, their traits, and their behavior are related

28
Q

What is the primary effect?

A

when first impressions are more important than subsequent impressions

29
Q

What is recency effect?

A

when the most recent information we have about an individual is most important in forming our impressions

30
Q

What is the reliance of central traits?

A

the tendency to organize the perception of others based on traits and personal characteristics that matter to the perceiver

31
Q

What is the halo effect?

A

when judgment of an individual’s character can be affected by the overall impression of the individual

32
Q

What is the just-world hypothesis?

A

the tendency of individuals to believe that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people

33
Q

What is the self serving bias?

A

individuals will view their own successes as being based on internal factors, while viewing failures as being based on external factors

34
Q

What is the attribution theory?

A

focuses on the tendency for individuals to infer the causes of other people’s behavior

35
Q

What is the difference between dispositional (internal) and situational (external) attributions?

A
  • dispo: causes are those that relate to the features of the person whose behavior is being considered
  • sit: causes are related to features of the surroundings or social context
36
Q

What is the correspondent inference theory?

A

used to describe attributions made by observing the intentional (especially unexpected) behaviors performed by another person

37
Q

What is the fundamental attribution error?

A

the bias toward making dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions in regard to the actions of others

38
Q

What is the attribution substitution?

A

occurs when individuals must make judgements that are complex but instead substitute a simpler solution or heuristic

39
Q

What are attributions highly influenced by?

A

the culture in which one resides

40
Q

What are stereotypes?

A

occur when attitude and impressions are made based on limited and superficial information about a person or group

41
Q

What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?

A

when stereotypes lead to expectations of certain groups, which can create conditions that lead to confirmation of the stereotype

42
Q

What is the stereotype threat?

A

concern or anxiety about confirming a negative stereotype about one’s social group

43
Q

What is prejudice?

A

an irrational positive or negative attitude toward a person, group, or thing prior to an actual experience

44
Q

What is ethnocentricism?

A

the practice of making judgments about other cultures based on the values and beliefs of one’s own culture

45
Q

What is the difference between an in group and an out group?

A
  • in: social group with which a person’ experiences a sense of belonging
  • out: a social group with which a person does not identify
46
Q

What is cultural relativsm?

A

the recognition that social groups and cultures should be studied on their own terms

47
Q

What is discrimination?

A

when prejudicial attitudes cause individuals of a particular group to be treated differently from others

48
Q

What is the difference between individual and institutional discrimination?

A
  • individual: one person discriminating against a particular person or group
  • institutional: discrimination against a particular person or group by an entire institution
49
Q

What are the 5 recognized mechanisms of mate choice: phenotypic benefits, sensory bias, fisherian (runaway selection), indicator traits, and genetic compatability?

A
  • phenotypic: observable traits that make a potential mate more attractive to the opposite sex
  • sensory: development of a trait to match a preexisting preference that exists in the population
  • fisherian: positive feedback where a particular trait that has no effect or a negative effect on survival becomes more and more exaggerated overtime
  • indicator: traits that signify overall good health and well being, increasing attractiveness
  • genetic: creation of mate pairs that, when combined, have complementary genetics
50
Q

What is the difference between consistency, consensus, and distintiveness cues?

A
  • consist: consistent behavior overtime
  • consensus: matches others’ behavior
  • distinct: similar behavior in similar situations
51
Q

What is the main difference between stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination?

A
  • stereo are cognitive
  • prej are affective
  • disc are behavioral
52
Q

What is the difference between paternalistic, contemptuous, envious, and admiration stereotypes?

A
  • pat: the group is looked down upon as inferior, dismissed, or ignored
  • cont: group is viewed with resentment, annoyance, or anger
  • env: group is viewed with jealousy, bitterness, or distrust
  • adm: group is viewed with pride and other positive feelings
53
Q

What is the difference between power, prestige, and class?

A
  • power: ability of people or groups to achieve their goals despite any obstacles and their ability to control resources
  • prestige: level of respect shown to a person by others
  • class: socioeconomic status
54
Q

What effects does an injury to the ventromedial v the lateral hypothalamus cause?

A
  • ventromedial injury will never feel satiated when eating and will therefore never feel the sensation to stop eating
  • lateral injury will never feel hungry and will have have decreased food intake

MCAT Behavioral Sciences (12 decks)

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