Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MCAT Behavioral Sciences > Ch 10 - Social Thinking > Flashcards

Ch 10 - Social Thinking Flashcards

1
Q

What is interpersonal attraction?

A

What makes people like each other and is influenced by multiple factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What influences interpersonal attraction?

A

physical attractiveness, similarity, self disclosure, reciprocity, and proximity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the golden ratio?

A

physical attractiveness is increased with symmetry and proportions close to the golden ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is self dislocure?

A

sharing fears, thoughts, and goals with another person and being met with empathy and no judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is reciprocity?

A

when we like people who think like us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is proximity?

A

being physically close to someone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is agression?

A

physical, verbal, or nonverbal behavior with the intention to cause harm or increase social dominance

  • activated amygdala = increased aggression
  • prefrontal cortex can stop the activation of amygdala
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is attachment?

A

an emotional bond to another person, and usually refers to the bond between a child and caregiver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is secure attachment?

A
  • requires a consistent caregiver so the child is able to go out and explore, knowing he or she has a secure base to return to
  • the child will show strong preference for the caregiver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is avoidance attachment?

A
  • occurs when a caregiver has little or no response to a distressed, crying child
  • the child shows no preference for the caregiver compared to strangers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is ambivalent attachment?

A
  • occurs when a caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress, sometimes responding appropriately, sometimes neglectful
  • the child will become distressed when caregiver leaves and ambivalent when he or she returns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is disorganized attachment?

A
  • occurs when a caregiver is erratic or abusive
  • the child shows no clear pattern of behavior or response to the caregiver’s absence or presence and may show repetitive behaviors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is social support?

A

the perception or reality that one is cared for by a social network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is emotional support?

A

listening to, affirming, and empathizing with someone’s feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is esteem support?

A

affirms the qualities and skills of the person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is material support?

A

providing physical or monetary resources to aid a person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is informational support?

A

providing useful information to a person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is network support?

A

providing a sense of belonging to a person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is foraging?

A

searching for and exploiting food resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a mating system?

A

describes the way in which a group is organized in terms of sexual behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the difference between monogamy, polygamy, and promiscuity?

A
  • mono: exclusive mating relationships
  • poly: one member of sex having multiple exclusive relationships with members of the opposite sex; including polygyny (a male with multiple females) and polyandry (female with multiple males)
  • prom: allows a member of one sex to mate with any member of opposite sex without exclusivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is mate choice?

A
  • intersexual selection

- selection of a mate based on attraction and traits

23
Q

What is altruism?

A

a form of helping behavior in which the person’s intent is to benefit someone else at some cost to him or herself

24
Q

What is game theory?

A

attempts to explain decision making between individuals as if they are participating in a game

25
What is inclusive fitness?
- a measure of an organism's success in the population - based on the number of offspring, success in supporting offspring, and the ability of the offspring to then support others - promotes the idea that altruistic behavior can improve the fitness and success of a species
26
What is social perception (cognition)?
- the way by which we generate impressions about people in our social environment - contains a perceiver (his or her target) and the situation or social context of the scenario
27
What is the implicit personality theory?
states that people make assumptions about how different types of people, their traits, and their behavior are related
28
What is the primary effect?
when first impressions are more important than subsequent impressions
29
What is recency effect?
when the most recent information we have about an individual is most important in forming our impressions
30
What is the reliance of central traits?
the tendency to organize the perception of others based on traits and personal characteristics that matter to the perceiver
31
What is the halo effect?
when judgment of an individual's character can be affected by the overall impression of the individual
32
What is the just-world hypothesis?
the tendency of individuals to believe that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people
33
What is the self serving bias?
individuals will view their own successes as being based on internal factors, while viewing failures as being based on external factors
34
What is the attribution theory?
focuses on the tendency for individuals to infer the causes of other people's behavior
35
What is the difference between dispositional (internal) and situational (external) attributions?
- dispo: causes are those that relate to the features of the person whose behavior is being considered - sit: causes are related to features of the surroundings or social context
36
What is the correspondent inference theory?
used to describe attributions made by observing the intentional (especially unexpected) behaviors performed by another person
37
What is the fundamental attribution error?
the bias toward making dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions in regard to the actions of others
38
What is the attribution substitution?
occurs when individuals must make judgements that are complex but instead substitute a simpler solution or heuristic
39
What are attributions highly influenced by?
the culture in which one resides
40
What are stereotypes?
occur when attitude and impressions are made based on limited and superficial information about a person or group
41
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
when stereotypes lead to expectations of certain groups, which can create conditions that lead to confirmation of the stereotype
42
What is the stereotype threat?
concern or anxiety about confirming a negative stereotype about one's social group
43
What is prejudice?
an irrational positive or negative attitude toward a person, group, or thing prior to an actual experience
44
What is ethnocentricism?
the practice of making judgments about other cultures based on the values and beliefs of one's own culture
45
What is the difference between an in group and an out group?
- in: social group with which a person' experiences a sense of belonging - out: a social group with which a person does not identify
46
What is cultural relativsm?
the recognition that social groups and cultures should be studied on their own terms
47
What is discrimination?
when prejudicial attitudes cause individuals of a particular group to be treated differently from others
48
What is the difference between individual and institutional discrimination?
- individual: one person discriminating against a particular person or group - institutional: discrimination against a particular person or group by an entire institution
49
What are the 5 recognized mechanisms of mate choice: phenotypic benefits, sensory bias, fisherian (runaway selection), indicator traits, and genetic compatability?
- phenotypic: observable traits that make a potential mate more attractive to the opposite sex - sensory: development of a trait to match a preexisting preference that exists in the population - fisherian: positive feedback where a particular trait that has no effect or a negative effect on survival becomes more and more exaggerated overtime - indicator: traits that signify overall good health and well being, increasing attractiveness - genetic: creation of mate pairs that, when combined, have complementary genetics
50
What is the difference between consistency, consensus, and distintiveness cues?
- consist: consistent behavior overtime - consensus: matches others' behavior - distinct: similar behavior in similar situations
51
What is the main difference between stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination?
- stereo are cognitive - prej are affective - disc are behavioral
52
What is the difference between paternalistic, contemptuous, envious, and admiration stereotypes?
- pat: the group is looked down upon as inferior, dismissed, or ignored - cont: group is viewed with resentment, annoyance, or anger - env: group is viewed with jealousy, bitterness, or distrust - adm: group is viewed with pride and other positive feelings
53
What is the difference between power, prestige, and class?
- power: ability of people or groups to achieve their goals despite any obstacles and their ability to control resources - prestige: level of respect shown to a person by others - class: socioeconomic status
54
What effects does an injury to the ventromedial v the lateral hypothalamus cause?
- ventromedial injury will never feel satiated when eating and will therefore never feel the sensation to stop eating - lateral injury will never feel hungry and will have have decreased food intake

MCAT Behavioral Sciences (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions