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Biology > Ch 9 Sensory Systems > Flashcards

Ch 9 Sensory Systems Flashcards

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0
Q

When sensation reaches conscious awareness

A

Perception

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1
Q

Information about environmental conditions (inside and outside of the body) is detected and sent to the CNS

A

Sensation

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2
Q

Structures that detect stimuli (changes) in the conditions of both the inside and outside of the body and send that info to the CNS in the form of action potentials

A

Sensory receptors

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3
Q

Specialized to detect different kinds of stimuli like light, sound, pressure, chemicals and temperature

A

Sensory receptors

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4
Q

Occurs when sensory receptors slow or stop responding when they are constantly stimulated.
Getting used to a change.

A

Sensory adaptation

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5
Q

5 main types of sensory receptors

A 
Mechanoreceptors 
Thermoreceptors
Photoreceptors 
Chemoreceptors 
Pain receptors
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6
Q

Receptors that respond to the physical distortion…Stretching, twisting, touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception, hearing, and equilibrium

A

Mechanoreceptors

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7
Q

The sensation of body and limb position

A

Proprioception

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8
Q

Respond to changes in temperature

A

Thermoreceptors

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9
Q

Respond to light - vision

A

Photoreceptors

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10
Q

Respond to the presence of chemicals like smell, taste

A

Chemoreceptors

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11
Q

Respond to very strong stimuli usually resulting from the tissue damage

A

Pain receptors

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12
Q

Receptors are widely distributed throughout the body and tend to be relatively simple in structure, such as free nerve endings (dendrites)

A

General senses

Touch, pressure, vibration, temp, proprioception and pain

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13
Q

(Vision, hearing, equilibrium, smell and taste)

Receptors that are located in the head and tend to be more complex in structure

A

Special senses

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14
Q

Light touch of the general sense receptor in the skin?

A

Merkel disk

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15
Q

Continuous pressure in the skin (general receptor)

A

Ruffini corpuscle

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16
Q

Strong pressure to the skin

A

Pacinian corpuscle

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17
Q

Pain heat cold to the skin

A

Free nerve endings

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18
Q

The bending of incoming light rays.

Accomplished by the cornea, lens and humors

A

Refraction

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19
Q

Changing the shape of the lens to refract and focus light precisely into the retina

A

Accommodation

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20
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Rods and cones

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21
Q

Very sensitive, not sharp vision. Black and white.

A

Rods

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22
Q

Not sensitive but more accurate. Color vision.

A

Cones

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23
Q

Outer layer of the eye.

Protects the eyeball

A

Sclera

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24
Q

Transparent dome forming the outer layer at the front of the eye.
Refracts light, focusing on the retina

A

Cornea

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25
Q

Outer layer

A

Fibrous

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26
Q

Middle layer

A

Vascular

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27
Q

Inner layer

A

Nervous

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28
Q

Pigmented layer containing blood vessels

Absorbs stray light, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues of eye

A

Choroid

29
Q

Encircles lens, contains the ciliary muscles
Controls shape of lens
Secretes aqueous humor

A

Ciliary body

30
Q

Colored part of the eye

Regulates the amount of light entering the eye through the pupil

A

Iris

31
Q

Opening at the center of the iris

Opening for incoming light

A

Pupil

32
Q

Layer of tissue that contains the photoreceptors, bipolar and ganglion cells
Receives light and generates neural messages

A

Retina

33
Q

Responsible for Black and white Vision and vision in dim light

A

Rods

34
Q

Responsible for color vision and visual acuity

A

Cones

35
Q

Small pit in the retina that has high concentration of cones
Provides detailed color vision

A

Fovea

36
Q

Fine focusing of light into retina.

Transparent, behind the iris and pupil

A

Lens

37
Q

Clear fluid found between the cornea and the lens.

Refracts light and helps maintain shake of the eyeball

A

Aqueous humor

38
Q

Gelatinous substance found within the chamber behind the lens

A

Vitreous humor

39
Q

Group of axons from the eye to the brain

Transmits impulses from the retina to the brain

A

Optic nerve

40
Q

What gathers sound and funnels it into the external auditory canal

A

Pinna

41
Q

Sends sounds to the tympanic membrane(eardrum)

A

External auditory canal

42
Q

Vibrates synchronously with sound waves, causing the bones of the middle ear to move

A

The eardrum - tympanic membrane

43
Q

Amplify the pressure waves and convey the vibrations of the eardrum to the inner ear

A

Three bones : malleus, incus, stapes

44
Q

Converts pressure waves to neutral messages that are sent to the brain for interpretation as sound

A

The cochlea

45
Q

What are the 2 kinds of equilibrium

A

Static equilibrium

Dynamic equilibrium

46
Q

The sensation of head position relative to gravity “ when the head is not moving”

-Utricle and saccule within the vestibule contain sensory organs that detect the position of the head

A

Static equilibrium

47
Q

Within the vestibule that contain sensory organs that detect the position of the head

A

Utricle and saccule

48
Q

The sensation of movement of the head

A

Dynamic equilibrium

49
Q

Contain sensory organs that also detect linear acceleration and deceleration of the head

A

Utricle and saccule

50
Q

Contain sensory organs that detect angular acceleration and deceleration of the head

A

Semicircular canals

51
Q

The utricle and saccule contain hair cells with overlaying gelatinous material. Embedded in the gelatinous material are the granules of calcium carbonated called?

A

Otoliths

52
Q

Our sense of static equilibrium, position of the head with respect to gravity, is due to the receptors in the ?

A

Vestibule

53
Q

At the base of each semicircular canals is a gelatinous mass called the

A

Cupula

54
Q

Our sense of dynamic equilibrium- equilibrium when the body or head is moving- is due to the ?
That report rotational movements of the head, including those caused by acceleration and deceleration

A

Semicircular canals

55
Q

Collects and directs sound waves

A

Pinna

56
Q

Directs sound to the middle ear

Canal between Pinna and the tympanic membrane

A

External auditory canal

57
Q

Vibrates in response to sound waves

A

Eardrum- tympanic membrane

58
Q

Three tiny bones of the middle ear that amplify the vibrations of the tympanic membrane and transmit vibrations to the inner ear

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

59
Q

A tube that connects the middle ear with the thrust. Allows equalization of pressure in the middle ear with external air pressure

A

Auditory tube - Eustachian tube

60
Q

Fluid filled, bony, snail shaped chamber

Houses spiral organ and has openings called oval window and round window

A

Cochlea

61
Q

Contains hair cells

The organ of hearing

A

Spiral organ (of corti)

62
Q

Membrane at the end of the lower clams in cochlea.

Relieved pressure created by the movement of the oval window

A

Round window

63
Q

Membrane between the middle and inner ear that the stapes presses against.
Transmits the movements is the stapes to the fluid in the inner ear

A

Oval window

64
Q

Fluid filled chambers and canals that monitor position and movement of the head

A

Vestibule apparatus

65
Q

Two fluid filled chambers

Maintain static equilibrium

A

Vestibule= utricle and saccule

66
Q

Fluid filed chambers oriented at the right angles to one another that maintain dynamic equilibrium

A

Semicircular canals

67
Q

Is a chemical sense

Neurons/receptors get replaced every 60 days

A

Smell - olfaction

68
Q

What part of the tongue contains most of the taste buds?

A

Papillae

69
Q

Is a chemical sense that closely related to smell.

Cells (not neurons) replaced every 10 days

A

Taste- Gustation

Biology (13 decks)

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