Ch 8 The Nervous System

Question 0

Nerves (spinal nerves and cranial)

These carry messages to and from the CNS

Answer 0

PNS

Question 1

The brain and spinal cord
This is the central command center that integrates and coordinates all voluntary and involuntary nervous functions
“ decider”

Answer 1

CNS

Question 2

Brings sensory information from receptors to the CNS

Answer 2

Sensory (afferent) division

Question 3

Carries commands from CNS to effectors, muscles and glands

Answer 3

Motor (efferent) division

Question 4

Voluntary conscious control of skeletal muscle

Answer 4

Somatic NS

Question 5

Involuntary subconscious control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

Answer 5

Autonomic NS

Question 6

Prepares the body to deal with stressful or emergency conditions
“Fight or Flight”

Answer 6

Sympathetic NS

Question 7

Regulates organ functions for general body maintenance and conserves energy during nonstressful times
“Rest to digest”

Answer 7

Parasympathetic NS

Question 8

The meninges

Answer 8

Dura Mater “tough mother”
Arachnoid “spider like mother”
Pia Mater “delicate mother”

Question 9

Fluid Found in the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia mater

Answer 9

Cerebrospinal fluid CSF

Question 10

What provides cushioning, support and nourishes nervous tissue

Answer 10

CSF

Question 11

Three membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord CNS

Answer 11

The meninges

Question 12

CNS is also protected from harmful substances in the blood by the

Answer 12

Blood brain barrier that is formed by non leaky capillaries

Question 13

Consists of myelinated axons. Lots of myelin is present

Answer 13

White matter

Question 14

Little myelin present.

Consists of neuron cell bodies and dendrites, unmyelinated axons, interneurons and synapse and neurolglial cells

Answer 14

Gray matter

Question 15

4 main regions of the brain?

Answer 15

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Brain stem

Question 16

Biggest highest most advanced part of the brain

Conscious part of the brain

Answer 16

Cerebrum

Question 17

Allows left and right cerebral hemispheres to communicate with one another

Answer 17

Corpus callosum

Question 18

Processes all sensory information.

Relays information to appropriate higher brain centers

Answer 18

Thalamus

Question 19

Center for emotions.

Controls hearts rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, body temperature, and food intake

Answer 19

Hypothalamus

Question 20

Where thalamus and hypothalamus is

Answer 20

Diencephalon

Question 21

Coordinates sensory motor voluntary movement and stores memory of learned motor patterns

Answer 21

Cerebellum

Question 22

Parts of the brain stem

Answer 22

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

Question 23

Relays information between the cerebellum or spinal cord and the cerebrum.
Integrates sensory input

Answer 23

Midbrain

Question 24

A bridge between higher and lower brain centers

Answer 24

Pons

Question 25

Contains autonomic centers for heart rate and digestive activities. Relays sensory info to thalamus

Answer 25

Medulla oblongata

Question 26

Conscious thoughts, intellectual functions, processing of sensory info and voluntary motor commands happen in?

Answer 26

The cerebrum

Question 27

Provides awareness of general body sensations such as touch, pain and temperature. The size of the area dedicated to each body part is proportional to the number of the body parts peripheral sensory receptors

Answer 27

Primary somatosensory area

Question 28

Integrates info from all sensory association areas, and compares that info to sensory memories for "big picture" recognition

Answer 28

General interpretation area

Question 29

Performs the highest levels of processing: abstract thinking, logic, individuality, personality

Answer 29

Frontal association area (prefrontal cortex)

Question 30

Causes voluntary movement of specific skeletal muscles or muscle groups. Receives input from the premotor cortex.

Answer 30

Primary motor area

Question 31

Initiates coordinated, learned, sequential patterns of movements of muscles

Answer 31

Premotor cortex

Question 32

"The post office for incoming sensation" Sorts and relays incoming sensory info to the appropriate processing area of the cerebral cortex. Sensation but not localized to a particular area of the body until it reaches the cortex

Answer 32

Thalamus

Question 33

"Master gland" Connected to the pituitary gland "master gland" Major homeostatic area of the brain "Under the thalamus"

Answer 33

Hypothalamus

Question 34

Receives input from the receptors for vision, touch, hearing, balance, and joint and muscle activity. Subconsciously modifies the output from motor pathways. Smooth coordinated movements. Helps regulate posture, muscle, tone and balance

Answer 34

The cerebellum

Question 35

Connects the higher brain to the spinal cord, controls many basic life processes

Answer 35

The brain stem

Question 36

Controls visual and auditory tracking reflexes

Answer 36

Midbrain

Question 37

Interconnects many different parts of the brain, helps the medulla oblongata regulate breathing

Answer 37

Pons "bridge"

Question 38

Pathway between the brain and spinal cord. | Controls vital reflexes for breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing and vomiting

Answer 38

Medulla oblongata

Question 39

"Emotional brain" | Is an interconnected collection of different structures.

Answer 39

Limbic system

Question 40

Establishes emotional states and motivations Memory storage and retrieval Links emotions with thoughts, sensations, and memories

Answer 40

Limbic system

Question 41

Located in the limbic system, long term memory

Answer 41

Hippocampus

Question 42

Formation in the brain stem + a network of neurons that project to the cerebral cortex

Answer 42

Reticular activating system RAS

Question 43

Filters incoming sensations. Brings to conscious awareness. Responsible for the level of consciousness of the cerebral cortex.

Answer 43

RAS | Reticular activating system

Question 44

Connect the brain to spinal nerves. Serve as an integration center for spinal reflexes. Can make quick reflex without the brains help

Answer 44

The spinal cord

Question 45

Made up of groups of myelinated axons that send messages up and down the SC (spinal cord)

Answer 45

White matter of the SC

Question 46

Integration center of the SC, and is made up of synapses, interneurons, cell bodies, etc. connections processing

Answer 46

Gray matter of the SC

Question 47

An unconscious, rapid, presided, automatic response to a stimulus. Usually a form of negative feedback, opposing harmful changes detected in the internal or external environment.

Answer 47

Reflexes

Question 48

Advantages of the reflexes?

Answer 48

They are fast and predictable

Question 49

Reflexes involve a reflex arc:

Answer 49

1. Sensory receptor 2. Sensory neuron 3. Integration center 4. Motor neurons 5. Effector

Question 50

Bundles of neuron fibers in the PNS (Axons and dendrites) Are wrapped in several layers of the connective tissue. Maybe be sensory, motor or mixed

Answer 50

Nerves

Question 51

How many spinal nerves is there?

Answer 51

31 pairs

Question 52

Contains motor neuron fibers

Answer 52

Ventral root

Question 53

Contains sensory neuron fibers

Answer 53

Dorsal root

Question 54

Contains sensory neuron cell bodies

Answer 54

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 55

SAD MEV

Answer 55

Sensory afferent dorsal | Motor efferent ventral

Question 56

How many cranial nerves is there?

Answer 56

12 pairs

Question 57

They attach directly to the brain

Answer 57

Cranial nerves