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Biology > Ch 8 The Nervous System > Flashcards

Ch 8 The Nervous System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Nerves (spinal nerves and cranial)

These carry messages to and from the CNS

A

PNS

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1
Q

The brain and spinal cord
This is the central command center that integrates and coordinates all voluntary and involuntary nervous functions
“ decider”

A

CNS

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2
Q

Brings sensory information from receptors to the CNS

A

Sensory (afferent) division

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3
Q

Carries commands from CNS to effectors, muscles and glands

A

Motor (efferent) division

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4
Q

Voluntary conscious control of skeletal muscle

A

Somatic NS

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5
Q

Involuntary subconscious control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

A

Autonomic NS

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6
Q

Prepares the body to deal with stressful or emergency conditions
“Fight or Flight”

A

Sympathetic NS

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7
Q

Regulates organ functions for general body maintenance and conserves energy during nonstressful times
“Rest to digest”

A

Parasympathetic NS

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8
Q

The meninges

A

Dura Mater “tough mother”
Arachnoid “spider like mother”
Pia Mater “delicate mother”

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9
Q

Fluid Found in the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia mater

A

Cerebrospinal fluid CSF

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10
Q

What provides cushioning, support and nourishes nervous tissue

A

CSF

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11
Q

Three membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord CNS

A

The meninges

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12
Q

CNS is also protected from harmful substances in the blood by the

A

Blood brain barrier that is formed by non leaky capillaries

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13
Q

Consists of myelinated axons. Lots of myelin is present

A

White matter

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14
Q

Little myelin present.

Consists of neuron cell bodies and dendrites, unmyelinated axons, interneurons and synapse and neurolglial cells

A

Gray matter

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15
Q

4 main regions of the brain?

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Brain stem

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16
Q

Biggest highest most advanced part of the brain

Conscious part of the brain

A

Cerebrum

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17
Q

Allows left and right cerebral hemispheres to communicate with one another

A

Corpus callosum

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18
Q

Processes all sensory information.

Relays information to appropriate higher brain centers

A

Thalamus

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19
Q

Center for emotions.

Controls hearts rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, body temperature, and food intake

A

Hypothalamus

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20
Q

Where thalamus and hypothalamus is

A

Diencephalon

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21
Q

Coordinates sensory motor voluntary movement and stores memory of learned motor patterns

A

Cerebellum

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22
Q

Parts of the brain stem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

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23
Q

Relays information between the cerebellum or spinal cord and the cerebrum.
Integrates sensory input

A

Midbrain

24
Q

A bridge between higher and lower brain centers

A

Pons

25
Q

Contains autonomic centers for heart rate and digestive activities.
Relays sensory info to thalamus

A

Medulla oblongata

26
Q

Conscious thoughts, intellectual functions, processing of sensory info and voluntary motor commands happen in?

A

The cerebrum

27
Q

Provides awareness of general body sensations such as touch, pain and temperature.
The size of the area dedicated to each body part is proportional to the number of the body parts peripheral sensory receptors

A

Primary somatosensory area

28
Q

Integrates info from all sensory association areas, and compares that info to sensory memories for “big picture” recognition

A

General interpretation area

29
Q

Performs the highest levels of processing: abstract thinking, logic, individuality, personality

A

Frontal association area (prefrontal cortex)

30
Q

Causes voluntary movement of specific skeletal muscles or muscle groups.
Receives input from the premotor cortex.

A

Primary motor area

31
Q

Initiates coordinated, learned, sequential patterns of movements of muscles

A

Premotor cortex

32
Q

“The post office for incoming sensation”
Sorts and relays incoming sensory info to the appropriate processing area of the cerebral cortex.
Sensation but not localized to a particular area of the body until it reaches the cortex

A

Thalamus

33
Q

“Master gland”
Connected to the pituitary gland “master gland”
Major homeostatic area of the brain
“Under the thalamus”

A

Hypothalamus

34
Q

Receives input from the receptors for vision, touch, hearing, balance, and joint and muscle activity.
Subconsciously modifies the output from motor pathways.
Smooth coordinated movements.
Helps regulate posture, muscle, tone and balance

A

The cerebellum

35
Q

Connects the higher brain to the spinal cord, controls many basic life processes

A

The brain stem

36
Q

Controls visual and auditory tracking reflexes

A

Midbrain

37
Q

Interconnects many different parts of the brain, helps the medulla oblongata regulate breathing

A

Pons “bridge”

38
Q

Pathway between the brain and spinal cord.

Controls vital reflexes for breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing and vomiting

A

Medulla oblongata

39
Q

“Emotional brain”

Is an interconnected collection of different structures.

A

Limbic system

40
Q

Establishes emotional states and motivations
Memory storage and retrieval
Links emotions with thoughts, sensations, and memories

A

Limbic system

41
Q

Located in the limbic system, long term memory

A

Hippocampus

42
Q

Formation in the brain stem + a network of neurons that project to the cerebral cortex

A

Reticular activating system RAS

43
Q

Filters incoming sensations.
Brings to conscious awareness.
Responsible for the level of consciousness of the cerebral cortex.

A

RAS

Reticular activating system

44
Q

Connect the brain to spinal nerves.
Serve as an integration center for spinal reflexes.
Can make quick reflex without the brains help

A

The spinal cord

45
Q

Made up of groups of myelinated axons that send messages up and down the SC (spinal cord)

A

White matter of the SC

46
Q

Integration center of the SC, and is made up of synapses, interneurons, cell bodies, etc.
connections processing

A

Gray matter of the SC

47
Q

An unconscious, rapid, presided, automatic response to a stimulus.
Usually a form of negative feedback, opposing harmful changes detected in the internal or external environment.

A

Reflexes

48
Q

Advantages of the reflexes?

A

They are fast and predictable

49
Q

Reflexes involve a reflex arc:

A
  1. Sensory receptor
  2. Sensory neuron
  3. Integration center
  4. Motor neurons
  5. Effector
50
Q

Bundles of neuron fibers in the PNS
(Axons and dendrites)
Are wrapped in several layers of the connective tissue.
Maybe be sensory, motor or mixed

A

Nerves

51
Q

How many spinal nerves is there?

A

31 pairs

52
Q

Contains motor neuron fibers

A

Ventral root

53
Q

Contains sensory neuron fibers

A

Dorsal root

54
Q

Contains sensory neuron cell bodies

A

Dorsal root ganglion

55
Q

SAD MEV

A

Sensory afferent dorsal

Motor efferent ventral

56
Q

How many cranial nerves is there?

A

12 pairs

57
Q

They attach directly to the brain

A

Cranial nerves

Biology (13 decks)

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