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Biology > Ch 6 The Muscular System > Flashcards

Ch 6 The Muscular System Flashcards

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0
Q

Which property of the muscle tissue can respond to stimuli?

A

Excitability

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1
Q

What are the 4 important properties of the muscle tissue?

A

Excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity

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2
Q

Which property of the muscle tissue can shorten?

A

Contractility

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3
Q

Which property of the muscle tissue can stretch?

A

Extensibility

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4
Q

Which property of the muscle tissue can return to its original length after shortening or stretching?

A

Elasticity

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5
Q

Which muscle tissue is involuntarily controlled? Found in the walls of the heart and function to pump blood.

A

Cardiac muscle

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6
Q

Which muscle tissue is involuntarily controlled and is found in the walls of hollow organs and functions to move eggs, sperm, urine, food, hairs, etc ?

A

Smooth muscle

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7
Q

Which muscle tissue is voluntarily controlled and it is usually attached to the bones via tendons?

A

Skeletal muscle

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8
Q

A bundle of muscle cells is called a?

A

Fascicle

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9
Q

A muscle cell consists of many?

A

Myofibrils

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10
Q

Skeletal muscle consists of many bundles of ?

A

Muscle cells

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11
Q

What is a bundle of myofilaments?

A

Myofibril

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12
Q

Special long contractile proteins (actin and myosin)?

A

Myofilaments

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13
Q

The striped appearance of a skeletal muscle cell is due to the regular arrangement of?

A

Myofilaments

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14
Q

The short, repeating functional units of myofibrils?

A

Sarcomeres

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15
Q

The myosin heads bend “uncock”, pulling the actin toward the center of the sarcomere, as the ADP and Pi are released is called?

A

The “ power stroke”

16
Q

New ATP binds to the myosin heads, causing them to release the actin is called?

A

Cross-bridge detachment

17
Q

The ATP splits into ADP and Pi re-energizing the myosin heads again, is called?

A

Myosin reactivation

18
Q

All-or-none in skeletal muscle fiber contraction means?

A

All the sarcomere in a single muscle fiber contract together maximally when the fiber is stimulated

19
Q

One motor neuron and all the muscle fibers that it innervates is?

A

The motor unit

20
Q

The stimulation of additional motor units.

When a stronger contraction of the whole muscle is needed.

A

Recruitment

21
Q

A low level of tension in skeletal muscle that is present at all times (but not enough tension to produce movement), causing healthy muscle to feel solid and firm to the touch, even at rest.

A

Muscle tone

22
Q

What are the functions of a muscle tone?

A 
Stabilizes bones and joints.
Maintains body position (posture).
Allows more rapid activation of the whole muscle when needed.
Energy usage when muscles are at rest.
Looking good
23
Q

What energy source is used in the first 6 seconds of maximal intensity (sprinting)?

A

ATP stored in muscles

24
Q

What energy source is used in the first 10 seconds of maximal intensity (sprinting)?

A

ATP formed from creatine phosphate and ADP

25
Q

What energy source is used in the next 30-40 seconds of maximal intensity (sprinting)?

A

ATP generated from glycogen stored in muscles and broken down to form glucose.

Oxygen limited (anaerobic)
Glucose oxidized to lactic acid
26
Q

What is made up of thousands of sarcomeres arranged end to end?

A

Myofibril

27
Q

At What muscle contraction is the ATP has attached to the myosin heads and split into ADP and Pi, releasing energy to “cock” the myosin heads into a “high-energy” position?

A

Muscle contraction 1: At Rest

28
Q

What is the muscle contraction 2?

A

Stimulus

29
Q

Muscle contraction 3?

A

Cross bridge formation

30
Q

Calcium ions permit contractions by causing the binding sites on actin to be exposed. Myosin heads then bind to actin. During?

A

Cross bridge formation

31
Q

This cycle of events is repeated over and over (as long as Ca and ATP are high enough), shortening the sarcomeres and thus the entire muscle, creating a pulling force(tension) on the attached bone….

A

The “power stroke”
Cross bridge detachment
Myosin reactivation

32
Q

Where does the energy source come from for submaximal intensity? Longer duration of energy

A

ATP generated aerobically in mitochondria from glucose, fats, or proteins.

(Rate of oxygen delivery meets demand)
(Very efficient, and no acid buildup)

33
Q 
Muscles of abdomen and of posture. Can't produce fast and react like sprinting.
Designed for endurance 
Contract slowly 
Strong, sustained contraction
Steady supply of energy...
A

Slow twitch muscle cells

34
Q

Designed for rapid, powerful response
Contract rapidly
Short, powerful contraction because there is more actin and myosin
Deepens more heavily on anaerobic ATP, fatigue faster
Contract fast but fatigue faster

A

Fast twitch muscle cells

Biology (13 decks)

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