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med term II - Vic > ch 9. respiratory system > Flashcards

ch 9. respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

The respiratory system is?

A

the body system brings oxygen from the air into the body for delivery via the blood to the cells

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2
Q

Respiratory is?

A

the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the atmosphere and the body cells

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3
Q

Ventilation means?

A

The mechanical process of breathing - Intake of fresh air

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4
Q

The upper respiratory tract includes?

A

Nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, and larynx

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5
Q

The lower respiratory tract includes?

A

Trachea ( some books put into upper respiratory tract), bronchial tree, and lungs

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6
Q

Nas/o and rhin/o are combining forms for?

A

Nose

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7
Q

The nose consists of ?

A

Nose and nostrils or nares

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8
Q

Endotherms?

A

Warm-blooded animals

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9
Q

Nasal turbinates or concave do what?

A

Warms, humidifys and filters air

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10
Q

Two nasal turbinates,the _______and_______ separate the nasal cavity into 2 cavities.
Each passage is called a ________.

A

Dorsal and ventral

Meatus

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11
Q

Meat/o means?

A

Opening or passage

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12
Q

What is a nasogastric tube?

A

a tube that passes through the nose down through the stomach

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13
Q

Where is the nasogastric tube placed?

A

Through the ventral nasal meatus

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14
Q

The rostral part of the nostrils and nasal cavity are called?

A

vestibule

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15
Q

The combining form Sept/o means?

A

partition

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16
Q

A sinus is a?

A

Air-filled or fluid-filled space in bone

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17
Q

Sinuses do what?

A

generate and store mucus, makes the bones of the skull lighter

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18
Q

Combining form sinus/o?

A

Sinus

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19
Q

Frontal sinus is located?

A

Between nasal cavity and orbit

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20
Q

Maxillary sinus is located?

A

Between nasal cavities

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21
Q

Sphenoid sinus is found in what species and located where?

A

feline, bovine, equine, swine and located at sphenoid bone; opens to nasal cavity

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22
Q

Palatine sinus is found in what species and located where?

A

Ruminants, equine and located at palatine bone; communicates with maxillary sinus

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23
Q

Lacrimal sinus is found in what species and located where?

A

swine, ruminants and located at the lacrimal bone

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24
Q

Conchal sinus is found in what species and located where?

A

Swine, ruminants, equine and formed by enclosure of conchae

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25
Q

What is the larynx?

A

The area between the pharynx and trachea

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26
Q

The pharynx has three divisions?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharyx, laryngopharynx

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27
Q

What is nasopharynx?

A

Portion of the throat posterior to the nasal cavity and above (dorsal to) the soft palate

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28
Q

What is laryngopharynx?

A

Portion of the throat below the epigottis that opens into the voicebox and esophagus

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29
Q

Oropharynx?

A

Portion of the throat between the soft palate and epigottis

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30
Q

Combining form palat/o?

A

Palate

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31
Q

Combining form pharyng/o?

A

Pharynx

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32
Q

Pharynx is commonly called?

A

The throat

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33
Q

What does the soft palate do during swallowing?

A

The soft palate moves dorsally and caudally to block the nasopharynx

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34
Q

what does the soft palate prevent?

A

Food from entering the nasal cavity

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35
Q

What does the epigottis do during swallowing?

A

Covers the larynx, prevents food from entering the larynx and trachea, allows food to enter the esophagus

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36
Q

Combining form for epiglottis?

A

Epiglott/o

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37
Q

Combining form for larynx?

A

Laryng/o

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38
Q

The larynx is commonly called?

A

Vocal cords

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39
Q

The space between the vocal cords is called?

A

The glottis - tube that air moves through

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40
Q

What is the lower respiratory tract?

A

Structures that form the bronchial tree

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41
Q

What are the structures of the lower respiratory tract?

A

Trachea (sometimes in upper respiratory tract), bronchi,bronchioles, and alveoli

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42
Q

Combining form for glottis is?

A

glott/o

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43
Q

Area between the pharynx and trachea?

A

Larynx

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44
Q

Larynx contains the ________ __________.

A

vocal cords

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45
Q

What extends from the neck and passes from the larynx to the respiratory structures in the thoracic cavity?

A

The trachae

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46
Q

The trachea is commonly called the _____ ______.

A

windpipe(extends from the neck to the chest

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47
Q

The combining form for trachea is?

A

Trache/o

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48
Q

The trachea contains?

A

C-shaped cartilagenous rings

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49
Q

The trachea divides into two branches at the tracheal bifurcation to form?

A

bronchi

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50
Q

Combining form for bronchi is?

A

bronch/o

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51
Q

What is singular form of bronchi?

A

bronchus

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52
Q

Bronchi continue to get smaller in diameter until they become?

A

bronchioles

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53
Q

Bronchioles contain?

A

cartilage

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54
Q

Combining form for bronchioles?

A

bronchiol/o

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55
Q

The suffix-ole means?

A

small

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56
Q

The clustered sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs are called?

A

Alveoli

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57
Q

Combining form for alveoli?

A

Alveol/o

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58
Q

Oxygen diffuses into the blood, carbon dioxide diffuses into ________.

A

alveoli

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59
Q

What does the surfactant in alveoli do?

A

helps to prevent collapsing of each alveoli during exhalation

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60
Q

Alveoli contain liquid that reduces alveolar_______ ___________

A

surface tension

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61
Q

Where is the thoracic cavity?

A

Contained in the ribs, cranial to the diaphragm, and caudal to the neck

62
Q

Cost/o means?

A

ribs

63
Q

Thorac/o means?

A

chest

64
Q

-thorax means?

A

chest

65
Q

________ means pertaining to between the ribs.

A

Intercostal

66
Q

The______ is the main organ of respiration.

A

lung

67
Q

There are two lungs (right and left) that are composed of divisions called…

A

Lobes

68
Q

Lob/o means?

A

lobe

69
Q

Word parts for air or lung is?

A

Pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneu-

70
Q

Word parts for lung is?

A

pulm/o, pulmon/o

71
Q

What is the pleura?

A

a membraneous sac that the the lung is encased in

72
Q

Combining form for membrane surrounding the lung is?

A

pleur/o

73
Q

The plural form of pleura is?

A

pleurae

74
Q

There are two layers with the pleural space in between, what are they?

A

Parietal pleura and visceral pleura

75
Q

parietal pleura is?

A

is the outer layer of the membrane lining the inner wall of the thoracic cavity

76
Q

visceral pleura is?

A

the inner layer of the membrane lining the outside of the lung

77
Q

Pleural space is?

A

the potential space between the parietal pleura and visceral pleura

78
Q

What does the pleural fluid do?

A

prevents friction when the membranes rub together during respiration and provides adhesive force to keep the lungs in contact with the chest wall as it expands during inspiration.

79
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

muscle that separates the thoracic and peritoneal cavities

80
Q

Combining form for diaphragm is?

A

diaphragmat/o

81
Q

The region between the lungs is called the?

A

mediastinum

82
Q

During inspiration (breathing in), the diaphragm ________ drawing downward, creating a vacuum in the thoracic cavity. This vacuum inflates the lungs by drawing air into the body through the trachea. During normal expiration (breathing out), the diaphragm _______ allowing the air to flow out as the lungs deflate.

A

contracts

relaxes

83
Q

dia- means?

A

across

84
Q

Combining form phragm/o means?

A

wall

85
Q

Combining forms that mean diaphragm are?

A

diaphragmat/o and phren/o

86
Q

What is a diaphragmatic hernia?

A

an abnormal displacment of organs through the muscle separating the chest and abdomen

87
Q

Inhalation is ?

A

the drawing in of a breath

88
Q

Exhalation is?

A

the release of a breath

89
Q

-pnea means

A

breathing

90
Q

ox/i, ox/o, ox/y means?

A

oxygen

91
Q

capn/o means?

A

carbon dioxide

92
Q

Apnea means

A

absence of breathing

93
Q

Expiration is another term for?

A

release of breath

94
Q

Combining form for spir/o also means?

A

breath or breathing

95
Q

dyspnea means?

A

difficult or labored breathing

96
Q

bradypnea?

A

abnormally slow respiration

97
Q

tachypnea?

A

abnormally rapid respiratory rates

98
Q

hyperpnea?

A

abnormal increase in the rate and depth of respirations

99
Q

hypopnea?

A

abnormally slow or shallow respirations

100
Q

hyperventilation?

A

abnormally rapid deep breathing,which results in decreased levels of cellular carbon dioxide

101
Q

hyperventilation?

A

abnormally rapid deep breathing, which results in decreased levels of cellular carbon dioxide.
Is also an abnormal increase in the rate or depth of breathing

102
Q

agonal breathing?

A

respirations near death or during extreme suffering

103
Q

hypoxia refers to?

A

an inadequate supply of oxygen to tissue despite an adequate blood supply

104
Q

Hypercapnia?

A

refers to excessive amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood

105
Q

respiratory acidosis?

A

when an excessive amount of carbon dioxide is in the blood due to decreased ventilation which can lower the pH of blood

106
Q

respiratory alkalosis?

A

when carbon dioxide levels are abnormally low due to increased ventilation

107
Q

Auscultation?

A

act of listening

108
Q

What is evaluated upon auscultation?

A

Respiratory rhythm, rate, and sound

109
Q

bubbling?

A

sound of popping bubbles that suggests fluid accumulation

110
Q

crepitation?

A

find or coarse interrupted crackling noises coming from collapsed or fluid-filled alveoli during inspiration; also called rales or crackles

111
Q

decreased lung sounds?

A

less or no sound of air movement, suggesting consolidation of lung tissue

112
Q

respiratory rate?

A

number of respirations per minute.

113
Q

Rhonchi?

A

abnormal, continuous, musical, high-pitched whistling sounds heard during inspiration; also called wheezes

114
Q

stridor?

A

snoring, squeaking, whistling, that suggests airway narrowing

115
Q

tidal volume?

A

amount of air exchanged during normal respiration (air inhaled and exhaled in one breath)

116
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume?

A

amount of air inspired over the tidal volume (extra amount that could be inhaled after normal inspiration)

117
Q

expiratory reserve volume?

A

amount of air expired over the tidal volume (extra amount that could be exhaled after normal expiration)

118
Q

residual volume?

A

air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration (amount of air trapped in alveoli)

119
Q

Dead space?

A

air in the pathway of the respiratory system (termed dead because this air is not currently participating in gas exchange)

120
Q

bronchoalveolar lavage?

A

collection of fluid or mucus from the bronchi and/or alveoli via an endoscope or through an endotracheal tube inserted as far down the trachea caudally as possible before infusing fluid and aspirating a sample

121
Q

bronchoscopy?

A

visual examination of the bronchus.

122
Q

thoracocentesis?

A

puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity. Also called thoracentesis

123
Q

upper respiratory infection (URI)?

A

invasion of the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, or larynx (or trachea) by pathogenic organisms

124
Q

Signs of upper respriatory infection (URI)

A

cough, nasal and ocular discharge, dyspnea, and respiratory noise

125
Q

What is a cough?

A

sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs

126
Q

coughs may be paroxysmal which is?

A

spasmlike and sudden

127
Q

Tuss/i is the combining form for?

A

cough

128
Q

endotracheal intubation?

A

passage of a tube through the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx into the windpipe.

129
Q

patent airway?

A

open, unobstructed, or not closed

130
Q

tracheostomy?

A

surgical creation of an opening into the windpipe (usually involves insertion and placement of a tube)

131
Q

tracheotomy?

A

surgical incision into the windpipe

132
Q

asphyxiation?

A

interruption of breathing resulting in lack of oxygen; also called suffocation

133
Q

Atelectasis?

A

incomplete expansion of the bronchi.

134
Q

sequela means?

A

a condition following as a consequence of a disease

135
Q

bronchitis?

A

inflammation of the bronchi

136
Q

cyanosis?

A

abnormal condition of blue discoloration

137
Q

diaphragmatic hernia?

A

abnormal opening in the diaphragm that allows part of the abdominal organs to migrate into the chest cavity

138
Q

epistaxis?

A

nosebleed

139
Q

hemothorax?

A

accumulation of blood in the chest cavity

140
Q

laryngospasm?

A

sudden fluttering or closure of the voice box

141
Q

pneumonia?

A

abnormal condition of the lung that usually involves inflammation and congestion of the lung

142
Q

pneumothorax?

A

abnormal accumulation of air or gas in the chest cavity

143
Q

pulmonary edema?

A

accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue

144
Q

bronchoconstrictors?

A

substances that narrow the openings into the lung

145
Q

bronchodilators?

A

substances that expand the openings into the lung

146
Q

Mucolytics?

A

substances used to break down

147
Q

-lysis means

A

break down or separate

148
Q

antitussives?

A

substances used to control or prevent coughing

149
Q

-tussi means?

A

cough

150
Q

pyothorax?

A

accumulation of pus in the chest cavity

151
Q

percussion?

A

tapping various body surfaces with the finger or an instrument to determine sound density

med term II - Vic (10 decks)

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