Ch 14 seeing and hearing Flashcards
1
Q
Opt/i, Opto, Optic/o, Ocul/o, opthalm/o means?
A
combining forms for the eye or sight
2
Q
orbit?
A
bony cavity of the skull that contains the eyeball
3
Q
periorbita?
A
eye socket
4
Q
eye muscles?
A
seven major muscles attached to each eye that make a range of movement possible
5
Q
What are the seven major muscles attached to each eye?
A
2 oblique muscles, 4 rectus muscles, and the retractor bulbi
6
Q
binocular means?
A
both eyes
7
Q
levator palpebrae muscles?
A
muscles that raise the upper eyelid
8
Q
blephar/o
A
eyelid
9
Q
palpebra?
A
another term used for the eye lid
10
Q
Plural from for palpebra?
A
palpebrae
11
Q
Palpebrae means?
A
pertaining to the eyelid
12
Q
eyelashes?
A
cilia - protects the eye from foreign material
13
Q
conjunctiva?
A
mucous membrane that lines the underside of each eyelid
14
Q
What does conjunctiva do?
A
forms a protective covering of the exposed surface of th eyeball when the eyelids are closed
15
Q
Conjunctiv/o means?
A
conjunctiva
16
Q
Nictitating membrane is?
A
the conjunctival fold attached at the medial canthus that moves across the cornea when the eyeballs close
17
Q
What is also called the third eyelid?
A
nictitating membrane
18
Q
The accessory structures of an organ called?
A
adnexa
19
Q
The adnexa of the eye include the?
A
orbit, eye muscles, eyelids, eyelashes, conjuctiva, and lacrimal apparatus
20
Q
The extrinsic muscles are?
A
6 muscles that attach the outside of the eyeball to the bones of the orbit
21
Q
The angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet is called the?
A
canthus
22
Q
The combining form canth/o means?
A
corner of theeye
23
Q
What are the other 2 canthus’?
A
lateral and medial
24
Q
What is the tarsal plate?
A
the platelike framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provide stiffness and shape
25
Combining form tars/o means?
edge of eyelid or "ankle joint"
26
What is the lacrimal apparatus?
structures that produce, store, and remove tears
27
What is lacrimation?
the condition of normal tear secretion
28
lacrim/o and dacry/o means?
teardrop, tear duct or lacrimal duct
29
The lacrimal sac or dacryocyst mean?
the enlargement that collects tears at the upper portion of the tear duct
30
The nasolacrimal duct is the?
passageway that drains tears into the nose
31
The eyeball or globe has multilayered walls, what are the walls called?
sclera, choroid, and retina
32
Another name for eyeball is?
orb
33
What is the sclera?
outer layer, "white" of the eye - maintains the shape of the eye
34
Combining form scler/o means?
sclera or hard
35
The anterior portion of the sclera is transparent and is called the ?
cornea
36
The cornea provides what?
most of the focusing power of the eye
37
The combining forms corne/o and kerat/o means?
cornea
38
What membrane is the innermost or deepest layer of the cornea?
Descemet's
39
The choroid is?
the opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains blood vessels and supplies blood for the entire eye (iris, pupil,lens, and ciliary body
40
Opaque means that?
light cannot pass through
41
The tapetum lucidum is the?
brightly colored iridescent reflecting tissue layer of the choroid of most species
42
The tapetum lucidum also is called?
choroid tapetum
43
Tapetum is the medical term for?
layer of cells
44
Combining form choroid/o means?
choroid
45
The iris is?
the pigmented muscular diaphragm of the choroid that surrounds the pupil
Also contract's or relaxes to change the size of the pupil - regulating the amount of light entering the lens
46
The combining forms ir/i, ir/o, irid/o, and irit/o refers to?
the iris of the eye
47
The pupil is?
the circular opening in the center of the iris
48
The combining forms pupill/o and core/o means?
pupil
49
Miosis means?
makes the opening smaller (pupil)- pupillary constriction
50
Mydriasis means?
pupillary dilation
51
Lens means?
clear, flexible, curved capsule located behind the iris and pupil
52
What alters the shape of the lens?
ciliary muscles
53
What is accommodation?
adjusting the shape of the lens to improve near or far vision
54
Combining form phac/o means?
lens of the eye
55
The ciliary body is?
the thickened extension of the choroid that assists in accommodation or adjustment of the lens
56
Iridocorneal means?
pertaining to the iris and cornea
57
Uvea means?
term used to describe the iris, ciliary body, and choroid
58
Limbus means?
terms used for the corneoscleral junction
59
The retina is the?
nervous tissue layer of the eye that receives images
60
Where is the retina located?
in the posterior chamber of the eye
61
The combining form retin/o means?
retina
62
The retina contains?
rods and cones
63
Rods mean?
specialized cells of the retina that react to light
64
Cones mean?
speacialized cells of the retina that react to color and fine detail
65
The optic disk is?
the region of the eye where nerve endings of the retina gather to form the optic nerve
66
What is another name for the optic disk?
blind spot because it does not contain any rods or cones
67
The fovea centralis contains?
the greatest concentration of cones in the retina
68
Combining form macul/o means?
spot
69
Combining form lute/o means?
yellow
70
Combining form fove/o means?
pit
71
The term macula is used in other parts of the body, such as?
kidney and the ear
72
The eye is divided in to parts to make identification of structures easier, what are the parts?
anterior segment, anterior chamber, posterior chamber
73
The anterior segment is?
also called aqueous chamber is the cranial one-third of the eyeball and is divided into anterior and posterior chambers
74
The anterior chamber is?
the eye cavity located between the caudal surface of the cornea and the cranial surface of the iris
75
The posterior chamber is?
the eye cavity located between the caudal surface of the iris and the cranial surface of the lens
76
What is the aqueous humor?
watery fluid that fill the anterior and posterior chambers
77
aque/o means?
water
78
Humor is?
any clear body fluid
79
The caudal two-thirds of the eyeball is called the?
vitreous chamber
80
Vitreous humor or vitreous is the?
soft, clear, jellylike mass that fills the vitreous chamber
81
Combining form vitre/o means?
glassy
82
What is refraction?
the process of the lens bending the light rays to help them focus on the retina.
83
Refraction is also called?
focusing
84
What is convergence
simultaneous inward movement of both eyes - binocular vision
85
What is acuity?
means sharpness or acuteness, usually used in reference to vision
86
What is poor acuity?
not a clear vision
87
What is fluorescein dye stein
diagnostic test to detect corneal injury by placing dye on the surface of the cornea
88
gon/i is combining form for?
angle or seed
89
What is menace response?
diagnostic test to detect vision in which movement is made toward the animal to test whether it will see movement and try to close its eyelids
90
What is ophthalmoscope?
instrument used for ophtalmoscopy
91
What is ophtalmoscopy?
procedure used to examine the interior eye structures; may be direct or indirect
92
What is palpebral reflex?
diagnostic test in which the eye should blink in response to touch to the medial canthus of the eye.
- assessment of Cranial nerves v and vii
93
What is pupillary light reflex?
response of pupil to light; (PLR) when light is shown in the pupil, constriction should take place
94
What is Schirmer tear test?
a diagnostic test using a graded paper strip to measure tear production
95
What is tonometry?
procedure using an instrument to measure intraocular pressure indirectly
96
What is anisocoria?
condition of unequal pupil size
97
Anis/o is the combining form meaning?
unequal
98
iso- is
equal
99
the combining form ambly/o means?
dim
100
What is cataract?
cloudiness or opacity of the lens
101
What is conjunctivitis?
inflammation of the conjunctiva
102
What is corneal ulceration?
surface depression on the cornea
103
What is ectropion?
eversion, or turning outward, of the eyelid
104
What is entropion?
inversion, or turning inward, of the eyelid
105
What is epiphora?
excessive tear production
106
What is glaucoma?
group of disorders resulting from elevated intraocular pressure
107
What is stye?
infection of one or more glands of the eyelid
108
What is nystagmus?
involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eye
109
What is monochromatism?
lack of ability to distinguish colors, also called color blindness
110
The combining form for chrom/o means?
color
111
What is proptosis?
displacement of the eye from the orbit
112
What is strabismus?
disorder in which the eyes are not directed in a parallel manner;deviation in both eyes
113
Convergent strabismus?
cross-eyed
114
suffix -tropia means?
turning
115
prefix eso- means?
inward
116
prefix exo- means
outward
117
What is blepharectomy?
surgical removal of all or part of the eyelid
118
What is blepharoplasty?
surgical repair of the eyelid
119
What is enucleation?
removal of the eyeball
120
What is the functions of the ear?
sensory organ that enables hearing and helps to maintain balance
121
Combining forms for ear are?
audit/o, aud/i, ot/o
122
Combining forms for sound or hearing are?
acousto, acous/o
123
auditory pertains to the ?
ear
124
acoustic pertains to
sound
125
The ear is divided into?
outer, middle, and inner portions
126
What is the pinna?
the external portion of the ear that catches sound waves and transmits them to the external auditory canal
127
The combining form pinn/i means?
ear
128
The combining form aur/i, aur/o means?
external ear - catches sound
129
The pinna is also known as the?
auricle
130
What is the external auditory canal?
tube that transmits sound from the pinna to the tympanic membrane
131
The external auditory canal is also known as?
external auditory meatus
132
Glands that line the external auditory canal secrete?
cerumen - known as earwax
133
The middle ear begins with the?
eardrum
134
The medical term for eardrum is?
tympanic membrane
135
What is the tympanic membrane?
the tissue that separates the external ear from the middle ear. It transmits sound waves to the ossicles
136
Combining forms tympan/o and myring/o mean?
eardrum
137
Combining form myring/o is mostly used for?
diseases and procedures
138
What are the auditory ossicles?
malleus, incus, and stapes
139
What is the malleus?
auditory ossicle known as the hammer
140
What is the incus?
auditory ossicle known as the anvil
141
What is stapes?
auditory ossicle known as the stirrup
142
What is the eustachian tube?
equalizes air and middle ear pressure - it is the tube that leads from the middle ear to thenasopharynx
143
What is the oval window in the ear?
located at the base of the stapes, and is the membrane that separates the middle and the inner ear
144
What is the round window?
the membrane that receives sound waves through fluid after they have passed through the cochlea
145
What is the tympanic bulla?
the osseous chamber at the base of the skull and houses the middle ear
146
What is bulla?
the medical term for large vesicle
147
What is the inner ear?
contains sensory receptors for hearing and balance
148
The bony labyrinth of the inner ear has 3 parts, what are they?
vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea?
149
What is the vestibule?
balance and equilibrium
150
What are the semicircular canals?
three canals that regulate equilibrium
151
What are the 3 semicircular canals?
vestibular, tympanic, and the cochlear
152
Each canal has a dilated area called the?
ampulla that contains sensory cells with hairlike extensions
153
What is the cochlea?
spiral shaped passage that leads from the oval window to the inner ear - organ of hearing
154
cochle/o means?
snail or spiral
155
What is the organ of Corti?
spiral organ of hearing located in the cochlea that receives and relays vibrations
156
What is air conduction?
sounds waves enter the pinna, travel through the external auditory canal, and strike the tympanic membrane
157
What is bone conduction?
the tympanic membrane vibrates, ossicles conduct sound waves through the middle ear
158
What is sensorineural conduction?
structures of the inner ear respond to sound waves. Sound waves initate nerve impulses that are relayed to the brain
159
What is the otoscope?
the instrument used for otoscopy
160
What is is otoscopy?
procedure used to examine the ear for parasites irritation to the ear lining, discharge and the integrity of the tympanic membrane
161
What is aural hematoma?
collection or mass of blood on the outer ear
162
Aural means, pertaining to?
the ear (external ear)
163
What is otitis?
inflammation of the ear, usually has a second term that desribes the location such as otitis externa
164
What is otitis externa?
inflammation of the outer ear (can be ear mites)
165
What is otitis media?
inflammation of the middle ear
166
What is otitis interna?
inflammation of the inner ear
167
What is vertigo?
dizziness
168
What is ablation?
removal of a part
