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med term II - Vic > Ch 14 seeing and hearing > Flashcards

Ch 14 seeing and hearing Flashcards

1
Q

Opt/i, Opto, Optic/o, Ocul/o, opthalm/o means?

A

combining forms for the eye or sight

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2
Q

orbit?

A

bony cavity of the skull that contains the eyeball

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3
Q

periorbita?

A

eye socket

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4
Q

eye muscles?

A

seven major muscles attached to each eye that make a range of movement possible

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5
Q

What are the seven major muscles attached to each eye?

A

2 oblique muscles, 4 rectus muscles, and the retractor bulbi

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6
Q

binocular means?

A

both eyes

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7
Q

levator palpebrae muscles?

A

muscles that raise the upper eyelid

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8
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

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9
Q

palpebra?

A

another term used for the eye lid

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10
Q

Plural from for palpebra?

A

palpebrae

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11
Q

Palpebrae means?

A

pertaining to the eyelid

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12
Q

eyelashes?

A

cilia - protects the eye from foreign material

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13
Q

conjunctiva?

A

mucous membrane that lines the underside of each eyelid

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14
Q

What does conjunctiva do?

A

forms a protective covering of the exposed surface of th eyeball when the eyelids are closed

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15
Q

Conjunctiv/o means?

A

conjunctiva

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16
Q

Nictitating membrane is?

A

the conjunctival fold attached at the medial canthus that moves across the cornea when the eyeballs close

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17
Q

What is also called the third eyelid?

A

nictitating membrane

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18
Q

The accessory structures of an organ called?

A

adnexa

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19
Q

The adnexa of the eye include the?

A

orbit, eye muscles, eyelids, eyelashes, conjuctiva, and lacrimal apparatus

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20
Q

The extrinsic muscles are?

A

6 muscles that attach the outside of the eyeball to the bones of the orbit

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21
Q

The angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet is called the?

A

canthus

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22
Q

The combining form canth/o means?

A

corner of theeye

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23
Q

What are the other 2 canthus’?

A

lateral and medial

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24
Q

What is the tarsal plate?

A

the platelike framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provide stiffness and shape

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25
Q

Combining form tars/o means?

A

edge of eyelid or “ankle joint”

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26
Q

What is the lacrimal apparatus?

A

structures that produce, store, and remove tears

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27
Q

What is lacrimation?

A

the condition of normal tear secretion

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28
Q

lacrim/o and dacry/o means?

A

teardrop, tear duct or lacrimal duct

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29
Q

The lacrimal sac or dacryocyst mean?

A

the enlargement that collects tears at the upper portion of the tear duct

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30
Q

The nasolacrimal duct is the?

A

passageway that drains tears into the nose

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31
Q

The eyeball or globe has multilayered walls, what are the walls called?

A

sclera, choroid, and retina

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32
Q

Another name for eyeball is?

A

orb

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33
Q

What is the sclera?

A

outer layer, “white” of the eye - maintains the shape of the eye

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34
Q

Combining form scler/o means?

A

sclera or hard

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35
Q

The anterior portion of the sclera is transparent and is called the ?

A

cornea

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36
Q

The cornea provides what?

A

most of the focusing power of the eye

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37
Q

The combining forms corne/o and kerat/o means?

A

cornea

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38
Q

What membrane is the innermost or deepest layer of the cornea?

A

Descemet’s

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39
Q

The choroid is?

A

the opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains blood vessels and supplies blood for the entire eye (iris, pupil,lens, and ciliary body

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40
Q

Opaque means that?

A

light cannot pass through

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41
Q

The tapetum lucidum is the?

A

brightly colored iridescent reflecting tissue layer of the choroid of most species

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42
Q

The tapetum lucidum also is called?

A

choroid tapetum

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43
Q

Tapetum is the medical term for?

A

layer of cells

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44
Q

Combining form choroid/o means?

A

choroid

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45
Q

The iris is?

A

the pigmented muscular diaphragm of the choroid that surrounds the pupil
Also contract’s or relaxes to change the size of the pupil - regulating the amount of light entering the lens

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46
Q

The combining forms ir/i, ir/o, irid/o, and irit/o refers to?

A

the iris of the eye

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47
Q

The pupil is?

A

the circular opening in the center of the iris

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48
Q

The combining forms pupill/o and core/o means?

A

pupil

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49
Q

Miosis means?

A

makes the opening smaller (pupil)- pupillary constriction

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50
Q

Mydriasis means?

A

pupillary dilation

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51
Q

Lens means?

A

clear, flexible, curved capsule located behind the iris and pupil

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52
Q

What alters the shape of the lens?

A

ciliary muscles

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53
Q

What is accommodation?

A

adjusting the shape of the lens to improve near or far vision

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54
Q

Combining form phac/o means?

A

lens of the eye

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55
Q

The ciliary body is?

A

the thickened extension of the choroid that assists in accommodation or adjustment of the lens

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56
Q

Iridocorneal means?

A

pertaining to the iris and cornea

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57
Q

Uvea means?

A

term used to describe the iris, ciliary body, and choroid

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58
Q

Limbus means?

A

terms used for the corneoscleral junction

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59
Q

The retina is the?

A

nervous tissue layer of the eye that receives images

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60
Q

Where is the retina located?

A

in the posterior chamber of the eye

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61
Q

The combining form retin/o means?

A

retina

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62
Q

The retina contains?

A

rods and cones

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63
Q

Rods mean?

A

specialized cells of the retina that react to light

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64
Q

Cones mean?

A

speacialized cells of the retina that react to color and fine detail

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65
Q

The optic disk is?

A

the region of the eye where nerve endings of the retina gather to form the optic nerve

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66
Q

What is another name for the optic disk?

A

blind spot because it does not contain any rods or cones

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67
Q

The fovea centralis contains?

A

the greatest concentration of cones in the retina

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68
Q

Combining form macul/o means?

A

spot

69
Q

Combining form lute/o means?

A

yellow

70
Q

Combining form fove/o means?

A

pit

71
Q

The term macula is used in other parts of the body, such as?

A

kidney and the ear

72
Q

The eye is divided in to parts to make identification of structures easier, what are the parts?

A

anterior segment, anterior chamber, posterior chamber

73
Q

The anterior segment is?

A

also called aqueous chamber is the cranial one-third of the eyeball and is divided into anterior and posterior chambers

74
Q

The anterior chamber is?

A

the eye cavity located between the caudal surface of the cornea and the cranial surface of the iris

75
Q

The posterior chamber is?

A

the eye cavity located between the caudal surface of the iris and the cranial surface of the lens

76
Q

What is the aqueous humor?

A

watery fluid that fill the anterior and posterior chambers

77
Q

aque/o means?

A

water

78
Q

Humor is?

A

any clear body fluid

79
Q

The caudal two-thirds of the eyeball is called the?

A

vitreous chamber

80
Q

Vitreous humor or vitreous is the?

A

soft, clear, jellylike mass that fills the vitreous chamber

81
Q

Combining form vitre/o means?

A

glassy

82
Q

What is refraction?

A

the process of the lens bending the light rays to help them focus on the retina.

83
Q

Refraction is also called?

A

focusing

84
Q

What is convergence

A

simultaneous inward movement of both eyes - binocular vision

85
Q

What is acuity?

A

means sharpness or acuteness, usually used in reference to vision

86
Q

What is poor acuity?

A

not a clear vision

87
Q

What is fluorescein dye stein

A

diagnostic test to detect corneal injury by placing dye on the surface of the cornea

88
Q

gon/i is combining form for?

A

angle or seed

89
Q

What is menace response?

A

diagnostic test to detect vision in which movement is made toward the animal to test whether it will see movement and try to close its eyelids

90
Q

What is ophthalmoscope?

A

instrument used for ophtalmoscopy

91
Q

What is ophtalmoscopy?

A

procedure used to examine the interior eye structures; may be direct or indirect

92
Q

What is palpebral reflex?

A

diagnostic test in which the eye should blink in response to touch to the medial canthus of the eye.
- assessment of Cranial nerves v and vii

93
Q

What is pupillary light reflex?

A

response of pupil to light; (PLR) when light is shown in the pupil, constriction should take place

94
Q

What is Schirmer tear test?

A

a diagnostic test using a graded paper strip to measure tear production

95
Q

What is tonometry?

A

procedure using an instrument to measure intraocular pressure indirectly

96
Q

What is anisocoria?

A

condition of unequal pupil size

97
Q

Anis/o is the combining form meaning?

A

unequal

98
Q

iso- is

A

equal

99
Q

the combining form ambly/o means?

A

dim

100
Q

What is cataract?

A

cloudiness or opacity of the lens

101
Q

What is conjunctivitis?

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva

102
Q

What is corneal ulceration?

A

surface depression on the cornea

103
Q

What is ectropion?

A

eversion, or turning outward, of the eyelid

104
Q

What is entropion?

A

inversion, or turning inward, of the eyelid

105
Q

What is epiphora?

A

excessive tear production

106
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

group of disorders resulting from elevated intraocular pressure

107
Q

What is stye?

A

infection of one or more glands of the eyelid

108
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eye

109
Q

What is monochromatism?

A

lack of ability to distinguish colors, also called color blindness

110
Q

The combining form for chrom/o means?

A

color

111
Q

What is proptosis?

A

displacement of the eye from the orbit

112
Q

What is strabismus?

A

disorder in which the eyes are not directed in a parallel manner;deviation in both eyes

113
Q

Convergent strabismus?

A

cross-eyed

114
Q

suffix -tropia means?

A

turning

115
Q

prefix eso- means?

A

inward

116
Q

prefix exo- means

A

outward

117
Q

What is blepharectomy?

A

surgical removal of all or part of the eyelid

118
Q

What is blepharoplasty?

A

surgical repair of the eyelid

119
Q

What is enucleation?

A

removal of the eyeball

120
Q

What is the functions of the ear?

A

sensory organ that enables hearing and helps to maintain balance

121
Q

Combining forms for ear are?

A

audit/o, aud/i, ot/o

122
Q

Combining forms for sound or hearing are?

A

acousto, acous/o

123
Q

auditory pertains to the ?

A

ear

124
Q

acoustic pertains to

A

sound

125
Q

The ear is divided into?

A

outer, middle, and inner portions

126
Q

What is the pinna?

A

the external portion of the ear that catches sound waves and transmits them to the external auditory canal

127
Q

The combining form pinn/i means?

A

ear

128
Q

The combining form aur/i, aur/o means?

A

external ear - catches sound

129
Q

The pinna is also known as the?

A

auricle

130
Q

What is the external auditory canal?

A

tube that transmits sound from the pinna to the tympanic membrane

131
Q

The external auditory canal is also known as?

A

external auditory meatus

132
Q

Glands that line the external auditory canal secrete?

A

cerumen - known as earwax

133
Q

The middle ear begins with the?

A

eardrum

134
Q

The medical term for eardrum is?

A

tympanic membrane

135
Q

What is the tympanic membrane?

A

the tissue that separates the external ear from the middle ear. It transmits sound waves to the ossicles

136
Q

Combining forms tympan/o and myring/o mean?

A

eardrum

137
Q

Combining form myring/o is mostly used for?

A

diseases and procedures

138
Q

What are the auditory ossicles?

A

malleus, incus, and stapes

139
Q

What is the malleus?

A

auditory ossicle known as the hammer

140
Q

What is the incus?

A

auditory ossicle known as the anvil

141
Q

What is stapes?

A

auditory ossicle known as the stirrup

142
Q

What is the eustachian tube?

A

equalizes air and middle ear pressure - it is the tube that leads from the middle ear to thenasopharynx

143
Q

What is the oval window in the ear?

A

located at the base of the stapes, and is the membrane that separates the middle and the inner ear

144
Q

What is the round window?

A

the membrane that receives sound waves through fluid after they have passed through the cochlea

145
Q

What is the tympanic bulla?

A

the osseous chamber at the base of the skull and houses the middle ear

146
Q

What is bulla?

A

the medical term for large vesicle

147
Q

What is the inner ear?

A

contains sensory receptors for hearing and balance

148
Q

The bony labyrinth of the inner ear has 3 parts, what are they?

A

vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea?

149
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

balance and equilibrium

150
Q

What are the semicircular canals?

A

three canals that regulate equilibrium

151
Q

What are the 3 semicircular canals?

A

vestibular, tympanic, and the cochlear

152
Q

Each canal has a dilated area called the?

A

ampulla that contains sensory cells with hairlike extensions

153
Q

What is the cochlea?

A

spiral shaped passage that leads from the oval window to the inner ear - organ of hearing

154
Q

cochle/o means?

A

snail or spiral

155
Q

What is the organ of Corti?

A

spiral organ of hearing located in the cochlea that receives and relays vibrations

156
Q

What is air conduction?

A

sounds waves enter the pinna, travel through the external auditory canal, and strike the tympanic membrane

157
Q

What is bone conduction?

A

the tympanic membrane vibrates, ossicles conduct sound waves through the middle ear

158
Q

What is sensorineural conduction?

A

structures of the inner ear respond to sound waves. Sound waves initate nerve impulses that are relayed to the brain

159
Q

What is the otoscope?

A

the instrument used for otoscopy

160
Q

What is is otoscopy?

A

procedure used to examine the ear for parasites irritation to the ear lining, discharge and the integrity of the tympanic membrane

161
Q

What is aural hematoma?

A

collection or mass of blood on the outer ear

162
Q

Aural means, pertaining to?

A

the ear (external ear)

163
Q

What is otitis?

A

inflammation of the ear, usually has a second term that desribes the location such as otitis externa

164
Q

What is otitis externa?

A

inflammation of the outer ear (can be ear mites)

165
Q

What is otitis media?

A

inflammation of the middle ear

166
Q

What is otitis interna?

A

inflammation of the inner ear

167
Q

What is vertigo?

A

dizziness

168
Q

What is ablation?

A

removal of a part

med term II - Vic (10 decks)

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