Ch 9 - Photosynthesis Flashcards
Define photosynthesis
The process by which light energy converts inorganic compounds to organic substances with the subsequent release of oxygen
What are the two types of organisms that exist in our world?
- Autotrophs
2. Heterotrophs
What is an autotroph?
(Self-feeding) synthesize organic molecules from inorganic carbon dioxide.
Ex plants, some protistans or bacteria
What are heterotrophs?
Organisms that rely directly or indirectly on autotrophs for their nutritional carbon and metabolic energy.
Ex animals, fungi, many protistans and most bacteria
What is cellular respiration?
Releasing the energy captures from the sun for metabolic needs
What do light-dependent reactions do ?
They capture light energy and store it temporarily in the bonds of ATP and NADPH, which in turn provides the energy needed for the light-independent reactions (Calvin-Benson cycle)
What does light-independent reactions do?
This is used to build carbohydrates
What are the four pigments used in photosynthesis?
- Carotenes
- Chlorophyll a
- Chlorophyll b
- Xanthophylls
What color are carotenes?
Orange-yellow
What color are chlorophyll a?
Blue-green
What color are chlorophyll b?
Yellow-green
What color are xanthophylls?
Orange-yellow
What is chromatography?
This separates complex mixtures bars in mixture components’ solubility in different kinds of solvents
What organelle does photosynthesis take place in the cell?
Chloroplast
How many membranes does chloroplasts have?
Two
What is the stroma?
The semi fluid matrix within the chloroplast
How is ATP formed in thylakoid disks?
The pigment on the surface captures light energy, hydrogen ions are built up in the inferior disks which are expelled into the stroma resulting in ATP being formed
What is a grana?
stacked thylakoid disks
When ATP is in the stroma what is it used to generate?
Organic compounds that get converted into carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids
In 9.1 explain why the yellow solution in the cylinder became reddish color after it was incubated in the light with stems of Elodea
The pH was rising because of the uptake if CO2 during photosynthesis
