Ch 4 - Macromolecules

Question 1

Macromolecules

Answer 1

Large organic molecules of which all cells are made

Question 2

What are the four major groups of macromolecules?

Answer 2

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids

Question 3

What do nucleic acids do?

Answer 3

Store and control the genetic instructions within a cell

Question 4

What are vitamins?

Answer 4

The necessary organic molecules that our bodies cannot construct internally

Question 5

What are minerals?

Answer 5

The requires inorganic (noncarbon-containing) nutrients

Ex: calcium and potassium

Question 6

What is a carbohydrate?

Answer 6

A simple sugar or a larger molecule composed of multiple sugar units

Question 7

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 7

A carbohydrate composed of one sugar molecule

Ex: fructose and glucose

Question 8

What are carbohydrates made of?

Answer 8

Hydrogen, carbon and oxygen

Question 9

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 9

Two monosaccharides bonded together

Ex: sucrose, maltose, lactose

Question 10

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 10

Many monosaccharides bonded together

Ex: cellulose, starch and glycogen

Question 11

What does Benedict’s Solution test?

Answer 11

The presence and concentration of sugar

Question 12

What color would you expect to see with +, ++, and +++ concentrations in Benedict’s Solution?

Answer 12

+ green or yellow
++ orange or red
+++ brown

Question 13

What are you testing for in Lugol’s Solution?

Answer 13

The presence of starch

Question 14

What color does the solution change change to if there is starch present in Lugol’s Solution?

Answer 14

Dark blue or black color

Question 15

What is a lipid?

Answer 15

Oily or greasy compounds that doesn’t dissolve in water, but will dissolve in organic solvents like ether or chloroform.

Provide long-term energy storage in cells.

Question 16

What are lipids composed of?

Answer 16

Hydrocarbon chains with an acid group at one end

Question 17

What are triglycerides?

Answer 17

Lipids with three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule

Question 18

Are fat solid or liquid at room temperature?

Answer 18

Solid

Question 19

Are oils solid or liquid at room temperature?

Answer 19

Liquid

Question 20

What two tests are available to check for lipids?

Answer 20

Uncoated paper towel test and Sudan IV test

Question 21

What are you looking for in the uncoated paper test?

Answer 21

A grease stain

Question 22

What are you looking for in the Sudan IV test?

Answer 22

If the reddish liquid (Sudan IV) has dissolved in the lipid

Question 23

What is a protein?

Answer 23

Complex chains on amino acids that do a wide range of functions in an organism.

Ex are structural components of muscle, bone, hair and nails. Movement of structures within cells (cell division). Some are enzymes that speed up cellular reactions.

Question 24

How are proteins developed?

Answer 24

Two or more amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds forming a polypeptide chain, then the chain folds and twists as links form between adjacent parts of the chain.

Question 25

What are amino acids?

Answer 25

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Question 26

What is Biuret Reagent testing for?

Answer 26

The presence of peptide bonds indicating the presence of protein

Question 27

What color will the solution change to with a greater concentration of peptide bonds (biuret test)?

Answer 27

Bluish color