ch. 9: late tissue reactions

Question 1

two categories of late tissue effects

Answer 1

stochastic (random), non-stochastic (non-random)

Question 2

late effects of radiation are seen _________________ after irradiation

Answer 2

months or years

Question 3

what maps observed effects of radiation exposure in relation to the dose of the radiation received?

Answer 3

radiation dose-response

Question 4

what is on the x-axis for the dose-response graph?

Answer 4

radiation dose received

Question 5

what is on the y-axis for the dose-response graph?

Answer 5

response to radiation (expressed in biologic effects observed)

Question 6

what does “somatic” mean?

Answer 6

of the body

Question 7

model predicting that a specific number of excess cancers will occur as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation

Answer 7

absolute risk

Question 8

model predicting that the number of excess cancers will increase as the natural incidence of cancer increases with advancing age in a population

Answer 8

relative risk

Question 9

radiation induced cancer is not immediate (_____________)

Answer 9

> 5 years response

Question 10

radiation induced cancer is difficult to identify because _______________

Answer 10

the cancers will act the same as randomly occurring cancer

Question 11

cataract dose threshold

Answer 11

0.5 Gy

Question 12

Cataractogenesis is a __________

Answer 12

late tissue reaction

Question 13

Cataractogenesis follows a _________________ response

Answer 13

threshold, nonlinear

Question 14

Preimplantation (_______ after conception)

Answer 14

0-9 days

Question 15

Organogenesis (__________ after conception)

Answer 15

10 days - 12 weeks

Question 16

Fetal Stage (_____________ after conception)

Answer 16

12th week - term

Question 17

doubling dose concept is expressing _________; this dose is ____

Answer 17

relative risk; 1.56 Sv (156 rem)

Question 18

Natural mutations occur in ____% of all live births in US

Answer 18

10%

Question 19

Genetic mutations at the molecular level are called

Answer 19

point mutations

Question 20

radiation is thought to cause primarily (dominant/recessive) mutations

Answer 20

recessive

Question 21

“New drug reduced cancer incidence by 50%” is an example of (relative/absolute) risk

Answer 21

relative

Question 22

“New drug reduced cancer incidence from 2 in 1000 per year to 1 in 1000 per year” is an example of (relative/absolute) risk

Answer 22

absolute