ch 8: early tissue reactions Flashcards
effects on the body that was irradiated
somatic effects
effects on future generations due to the irradiation of germ cells in previous generations
genetic effects
Whole-body dose of 6 Gray can result in ___________. These are known as acute radiation syndrome
Nausea
Fatigue
Erythema
Epilation
Blood and/or intestinal disorders
Fever
Desquamation
Sperm count depression
Temporary or permanent sterility (male and female)
CNS injury
what is epilation?
hair loss
what is desquamation?
shedding of outer layer of the skin
Early tissue reactions
-Appear within __________________ of radiation exposure
-Require a substantial dose of ionizing radiation
-Not typically seen in __________ imaging
Appear within minutes, hours, days or weeks of radiation exposure
diagnostic imaging
four stages of acute radiation syndrome
prodromal stage
latent period
manifest illness
recovery or death
in hematopoietic syndrome, whole body irradiation between _________
1 - 10 Gy
at doses below 2 Gy in hematopoietic syndrome, patients can recover in ______________-
6-8 weeks
at what dose level will all irradiated individuals die, in terms of hematopoietic syndrome?
above 2 Gy
symptoms of hematopoietic syndrome
N/V/D, decreased number of RBC, WBC, and platelets, hemorrhage, infection
threshold for gastrointestinal syndrome
6 Gy
survival for ______ days for gastrointestinal syndrome
3-10 days
symptoms of gastrointestinal syndrome
Severe N/V/D, fever, fatigue, anemia, leukopenia, hemorrhage, infection, electrolyte imbalance
symptoms of cerebrovascular syndrome
Nervousness, confusion, ataxia, vision loss, loss of consciousness, shock, edema, meningitis, respiratory distress, coma
cerebrovascular syndrome occurs at whole body irradiation at ________
50 Gy and higher
survival for ______ days for cerebrovascular syndrome
2-3 days
Percentage of exposed that will die within given number of days
lethal dose
LD 50/30 refers to __________
50% of exposed population will die in 30 days
LD 10/60 refers to ___________________
10% of exposed population will die in 60 days
reddening of the skin caused by excessive radiation exposure
radiodermatitis
with radiodermatitis, ____ can cause erythema within ____________ and will continue to worsen ____________
2 Gy, 24-48 hours, over 1 - 2 weeks
More oxygenated cells receive (more/less) damage; oxygenated cells have (better/worse) recovery
more, better
threshold for effects on reproductive system
0.1 Gy
0.1 Gy in males will _____________; in females, it will ____________
depress sperm population, delay or suppress menstruation
when in the 1920s/30s blood counts were the means of radiation exposure monitoring, a dose of ____ was required to produce a measurable
0.25 Gy
what phase of cell division do you see radiation damage in?
metaphase
chromosome map is called a _______
karyotype
radiation induced mutations are (dominant/recessive)
recessive
