ch 8: early tissue reactions

Question 1

effects on the body that was irradiated

Answer 1

somatic effects

Question 2

effects on future generations due to the irradiation of germ cells in previous generations

Answer 2

genetic effects

Question 3

Whole-body dose of 6 Gray can result in ___________. These are known as acute radiation syndrome

Answer 3

Nausea
Fatigue
Erythema
Epilation
Blood and/or intestinal disorders
Fever
Desquamation
Sperm count depression
Temporary or permanent sterility (male and female)
CNS injury

Question 4

what is epilation?

Answer 4

hair loss

Question 5

what is desquamation?

Answer 5

shedding of outer layer of the skin

Question 6

Early tissue reactions
-Appear within __________________ of radiation exposure
-Require a substantial dose of ionizing radiation
-Not typically seen in __________ imaging

Answer 6

Appear within minutes, hours, days or weeks of radiation exposure
diagnostic imaging

Question 7

four stages of acute radiation syndrome

Answer 7

prodromal stage
latent period
manifest illness
recovery or death

Question 8

in hematopoietic syndrome, whole body irradiation between _________

Answer 8

1 - 10 Gy

Question 9

at doses below 2 Gy in hematopoietic syndrome, patients can recover in ______________-

Answer 9

6-8 weeks

Question 10

at what dose level will all irradiated individuals die, in terms of hematopoietic syndrome?

Answer 10

above 2 Gy

Question 11

symptoms of hematopoietic syndrome

Answer 11

N/V/D, decreased number of RBC, WBC, and platelets, hemorrhage, infection

Question 12

threshold for gastrointestinal syndrome

Answer 12

6 Gy

Question 13

survival for ______ days for gastrointestinal syndrome

Answer 13

3-10 days

Question 14

symptoms of gastrointestinal syndrome

Answer 14

Severe N/V/D, fever, fatigue, anemia, leukopenia, hemorrhage, infection, electrolyte imbalance

Question 15

symptoms of cerebrovascular syndrome

Answer 15

Nervousness, confusion, ataxia, vision loss, loss of consciousness, shock, edema, meningitis, respiratory distress, coma

Question 16

cerebrovascular syndrome occurs at whole body irradiation at ________

Answer 16

50 Gy and higher

Question 17

survival for ______ days for cerebrovascular syndrome

Answer 17

2-3 days

Question 18

Percentage of exposed that will die within given number of days

Answer 18

lethal dose

Question 19

LD 50/30 refers to __________

Answer 19

50% of exposed population will die in 30 days

Question 20

LD 10/60 refers to ___________________

Answer 20

10% of exposed population will die in 60 days

Question 21

reddening of the skin caused by excessive radiation exposure

Answer 21

radiodermatitis

Question 22

with radiodermatitis, ____ can cause erythema within ____________ and will continue to worsen ____________

Answer 22

2 Gy, 24-48 hours, over 1 - 2 weeks

Question 23

More oxygenated cells receive (more/less) damage; oxygenated cells have (better/worse) recovery

Answer 23

more, better

Question 24

threshold for effects on reproductive system

Answer 24

0.1 Gy

Question 25

0.1 Gy in males will _____________; in females, it will ____________

Answer 25

depress sperm population, delay or suppress menstruation

Question 26

when in the 1920s/30s blood counts were the means of radiation exposure monitoring, a dose of ____ was required to produce a measurable

Answer 26

0.25 Gy

Question 27

what phase of cell division do you see radiation damage in?

Answer 27

metaphase

Question 28

chromosome map is called a _______

Answer 28

karyotype

Question 29

radiation induced mutations are (dominant/recessive)

Answer 29

recessive