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anatomy & phys. > ch 9 (joints) > Flashcards

ch 9 (joints) Flashcards

1
Q

synarthrosis

A

immovable joints

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2
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

slightly movable joints

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3
Q

diarthrosis

A

freely movable joints

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4
Q

synostosis

A

a suture joint that has ossified.

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5
Q

syndesmoses

A

a fibrous joint in which there is a greater distance between the articulating surfaces and more dense irregular CT (than in a suture).

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6
Q

ligament

A

dense irregular CT that is arranged in a bundle.

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7
Q

gomphosis

A

(dentoalveolar joint) in which a cone-shaped peg fits into a socket; articulations between the roots of the teeth and their sockets (alveoli).

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8
Q

interosseous membrane

A

a substantial sheet of dense irregular CT that binds neighboring long bones and permits slight movement (amphiarthrosis).

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9
Q

cartilaginous joint

A
  • lacks synovial cavity
  • allows little to no movement
  • articulating bones are connected by hyaline or fibrocartilage.
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10
Q

what are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

A

synchondrosis and symphyses

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11
Q

synchondrosis

A

a cartilaginous joint in which the connecting material is hyaline cartilage.
ex.~ epiphyseal growth plate

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12
Q

symphysis

A
  • a cartilaginous joint in which the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but a flat disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones.
  • all occurs in the midline of the body.
  • ex.- pubic symphysis
  • amphiarthrosis!!
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13
Q

synovial joint

A
  • a joint with the presence of a synovial cavity between articulating bones.
  • all synovial joints are classified as diarthrosis.
  • articular cartilage covers bones at the synovial joint.
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14
Q

synovial cavity

A

a space between articulating bones in a synovial joint.

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15
Q

articular cartilage

A
  • a layer of hyaline cartilage that covers articulating surfaces of bones at a synovial joint
  • smooth, slippery surface
  • absorbs shock; reduces friction
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16
Q

articular capsule

A
  • surrounds a synovial joint, encloses the synovial cavity, and unites articulating bones.
  • composed of 2 layers: outer fibrous membrane & inner synovial membrane.
17
Q

What are the two layers of an articular capsule?

A

An outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane

18
Q

fibrous membrane

A
  • consists of dense irregular CT (mostly collagen fibers)
  • it is a thickened continuation of the periosteum between bones!!
19
Q

synovial membrane

A
  • the inner layer of the articular capsule
  • composed of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers
  • also includes accumulations of adipose tissue
  • secretes synovial fluid
20
Q

synovial fluid

A
  • viscous, clear or pale yellow fluid
  • looks like uncooked egg whites
  • consists of hyaluronic acid and interstitial fluid filtered from blood plasma.
  • contains phagocytic cells
  • provides oxygen to the avascular cartilage
21
Q

viscous

A

gel-like

22
Q

articular discs / menisci

A
  • crescent shaped pads of fibrocartilage between articulating surfaces of bones and are attached to the fibrous capsule.
  • subdivide synovial cavity into 2 spaces, allowing separate movements in each space.
23
Q

labrum

A
  • in ball-and-socket joints of shoulder & hip
  • is the fibrocartilaginous lips that extends from the edge of the joint socket.
  • helps deepen joint socket and increases area of contact between socket and ball-surface of head of bone.
24
Q

bursae

A
  • saclike structures that are situated to alleviate friction in some joints (shoulder and knee)
  • resemble articular capsules because their walls consist of an outer fibrous membrane of thin dense CT lined by a synovial membrane.
  • fluid filled
25
Q

tendon sheaths (synovial sheaths)

A
  • reduce friction at joints
  • tubelike bursae
  • inner (visceral) layer is attached to the surface of a tendon.
  • outer (parietal) layer is attached to bone
26
Q

elbow joint

A

a hinge joint, formed by the trochlea and capitulum of the humerus, and the trochlear notch of the ulna, and the head of the radius.

27
Q

which movements does the hip joint allow

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, lateral rotation, medial rotation, and circumduction of the thigh.

28
Q

what are the three joints within a knee joint?

A

1.) tibiofemoral joint (lateral)
2.) another tibiofemoral joint (medial)
3.) patellofemoral joint (intermediate)

29
Q

what are the 3 structural classifications of joints?

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

30
Q

What are the four movements at synovial joints?

A

1.) gliding
2.) angular movements
3.) rotation
4.) special movements

31
Q

what are the angular movements?

A

flexion, extension, lateral flexion, hypertension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.

32
Q

what are the special joint movements

A

elevation, depression
protraction, retraction
inversion, eversion
dorsiflexion, plantar flexion
supination, pronation
opposition

anatomy & phys. (13 decks)

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